Central Asia - First thoughts about

The areas that today make up FATA were once part of the battleground on which the Great Game of imperial domination was played out in the 19th century. For the British colonial administrators of India, effective control of the region was imperative for the defense of their Indian possessions, serving as a bulwark against Russian expansionism in Central Asia. It proved difficult, however, for the colonial government to establish its writ in the tribal areas. Colonial administrators oversaw but never fully controlled the region through a combination of British-appointed agents and local tribal elders. The people were free to govern internal affairs according to tribal codes, while the colonial administration held authority in what were known as protected and administered areas over all matters related to the security of British India. Although various tribes cooperated with the British off and on in return for financial incentives (Abbas, 2006), this quid pro quo arrangement was never completely successful. ...

TO: Mr Kevin Klose, Acting President, Radio Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Dear Mr Kevin Klose, We are concerned about the current situation at the Radio “Liberty” services, which broadcast to the countries of Central Asia. The materials of the Kazakh and Turkmen services of RFE/RL duplicate the information contained in the government press. The time of broadcasting on short waves to Uzbekistan has been reduced by half; labour rights of the Kazakh and Tajik correspondents of RFE/RL are violated. Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) – is a mass media outlet, whose mission is to be a channel for democratic values. However, cases of the violation of the rights of the employees and a step back from international standards of freedom of mass media, which we see in the activity of some of the Radio Liberty services, cause resentment among journalist and human rights community of Central Asia. Authoritarian leaders in Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are not going to give up their positio ...

I took a shower this morning! Normally this would be, well... normal. However, we have not had regular water service for over a week. So, to be disgustingly transparent, personal hygiene has gone the way of all flesh. Every year, at the end of the Costa Rican summer (dry season) we go through a few weeks when our municipality runs out of water. Since we live "right over the mountain" from the Braulio Carrillo rain forest - where annual rainfall is between 157 to 315 inches - it seems a bit ironic that we need to find ingenious ways to wash our dishes (this year we used paper plates) and flush our toilets (very thankful for that new storage tank!). Every year I am also reminded of how precious water is. You cannot live without it. Living without internet makes you cranky. Living without water makes you smelly and, eventually, dead. I have visited several deserts over my ministry career. Central Asia seemed the least inviting. North Africa impressed me as the emptiest. The Salar de Uyuni (a salt desert in B ...

YES!***FREE IRAN!***FREE SYRIA!***FREE THE WORLD!***FREE IRAN = FREE THE WORLD ! Please share ! The Iranian people are the most Westernized in the region and a new regime in Iran will transform the world: Much of worldwide terrorism will end; Iraq and Afghanistan will become much more stable; Lebanon will become more independent without the influence of Hezbollah; Israel will be more secure and there will finally be hope for peace between Israel and Palestinian leadership. We will witness positive effects throughout Central Asia and Latin America without Iran’s influence, and finally, no more appeasing China and Russia over Iran. It’s simple. All we need do is support the Iranian people in their aspirations for freedom. Do not appease to the Mullahs, Do not negotiate with them, Support the people, We the People will take care of the rest! The world must know that the only way out of political Islam and its global aggression is to support the movement of people of Iran to overthrow the Islamic Republic ...

If you like history, current events and casting forward with what we've, hopefully, learned, check this out. "It stretched from the Caspian to the Baltic Sea, from the middle of Europe to the Kurile Islands in the Pacific, from Siberia to Central Asia. Its nuclear arsenal held 45,000 warheads, and its military had five million troops under arms. There had been nothing like it in Eurasia since the Mongols conquered China, took parts of Central Asia and the Iranian plateau, and rode into the Middle East, looting Baghdad. Yet when the Soviet Union collapsed in December 1991, by far the poorer, weaker imperial power disappeared. And then there was one. There had never been such a moment: a single nation astride the globe without a competitor in sight." It goes on ...

I was at Cal, I took several upper division courses in anthropology centered around the Middle East and Central Asia. I was particularly interested in nomadic cultures. Living in a tight social group, the nomads drive their herds from winter to summer grazing areas following paths that have changed little in thousands of years. The nomads have leaders, but live in very egalitarian manner, depending on each other for security, protection and shared knowledge and physical resources. Indeed, if a member demanded the life of another he would give it. Many scholars even see the story of Cain and Abel, a comparison between the pure and virtuous life of the herder as opposed to the often corrupt and corrupting life of the agricultural society. (Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs & Steel suggests that most of our social problems arise from the stratification and hierarchies created in response to surplus food resulting from the widespread use of agriculture. Human societies developed kings, priests, professional soldier ...

USA Fulbright Scholarships are open for international students from Africa, East Asia and Pacific, Europe and Eurasia, Middle East and North Africa, The Americas, and South and Central Asia for 2014-2015 Program Year. Pursue a Masters or Doctoral Degree in almost any field of study at USA Universiti...

WHAT THE FCUK FACTS'. FROM MONGOLS TO MUGHALS: RELIGIOUS VIOLENCE IN INDIA 9TH-18TH CENTURIES By Nicholas F. Gier Presented at the Pacific Northwest Regional Meeting American Academy of Religion, Gonzaga University, May, 2006 Introduction The term "Mughal" comes from a mispronunciation of the word "Mongol," but the Mughals of India were mostly ethnic Turks not Mongolians. However, Barbur (1483-1530), the first Mughal emperor, could trace his blood line back to Chinggis Khan. The Muslims of Central Asia had good reason to hate the Mongols because they destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate when they sacked Baghdad in 1258. During the 300 years after the death of Chinggis, the Mongol Empire had split into four parts: the Golden Horde of Russia (1242-1359), the Ilkhanate of Iran and Iraq (1256-1353), the Chinese Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) ruled by Kublai Khan, and finally the Mughal Empire of India (1527-1707). It was the Timur the Lame (known in the Europe as Tamerlane), whose "descent from Chinggis Khan," as Jack . ...

Washington, DC, MAY 1, 2013 -- Today the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) announced a grant to the Synergos Institute to work in partnership to advance social entrepreneurship in Central Asia as a path to social and economic development for the region.

The jungle cat (Felis chaus) is a medium-sized cat native to Asia from southern China in the east through Southeast and Central Asia to the Nile Valley in the west. It is listed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as it is widespread and common particularly in India. Population declines and range contraction are of concern, particularly in Egypt, in the Caucasus, and in southwestern, Central and Southeast Asia. Geographic variation in the jungle cat is quite considerable. Due to the small tuft on the ears it is also called the jungle lynx, though it is not a member of the Lynx genus. They inhabit savannas, tropical dry forests and reedbeds along rivers and lakes in the lowlands, but, despite the name, are not found in rainforests. Although they are adaptable animals, being found even in dry steppe, they prefer wetland environments with tall grasses or reeds in which to hide. They do not survive well in cold climates, and are not found in areas where winter snowfall is common. They ...

Tony Zadel PLEASE SIGN & SHARE WIDELY THESE ➨ 5 PETITIONS AGAINST WOLF BAITING! ►PET.1 TO THE BARBARIC TRADITION OF KYRGYZSTAN THE ORIGIN LAND OF HISTORICAL BARBARIAN Genghis Khan! In this picture: A golden eagle attacks a tethered and muzzled wolf as part of a cultural hunting barbaric & primitive festival at Kyrgyzstan ! Kyrgyzstan is a country located in Central Asia is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east. Its capital and largest city is Bishkek. Wolf-baiting is a blood sport involving the baiting of wolves ! like Dog baiting is setting game dogs against a chained or confined animal for sport. The dogs bite, and tear to subdue the opposing animal by incapacitating or killing it. Baiting is a blood sport used for entertainment and gambling. It is illegal in most countries with varying levels of enforcement.. ➨ BACKGROUND: Historically, the baiting of wolves was more in the context of training dogs for wolf hunting than publ ...

A little History lesson. Semang black/negarito people (the original inhabitants of Malaysia before the Mongolians came to Malaysia) of Perak in Malaysia. Circa 1893 SEMANG PEOPLE: ONE OF THE AFRICAN NATIVES OF ASIA AND THE ORIGINAL INHABITANTS OF MALAYSIASemangs just like the negarito Aetas of Philippines, Andamaneses of India and other black tribes in Asia today are the remnants of the *** Sapiens of African origin (blacks), who migrated out of Africa from about 80,000 to 70,000 years ago. The Africans migrated along the coast of Arabia to West Asia to India; a branch continued across the major islands off Asia -- Indonesia, Borneo, Papua New Guinea -- and some as far as Australia, marking the first major sea crossing of humans; a branch continued along the coast of Asia to West Asia to China; from China a branch went westward into Central Asia, and then some southward into Southeast Asia, particularly India, while a branch continued westward into Europe, these together forming the Indo-European group a ...

Africa is where everything(the human race) started? What if i tell you that everyone on the mother earth originated from Africa? From West Asia to China the land was occupied predominately by Blacks. The Blacks were forced from East and Southeast Asia by the expansion of the Thai, Annamite, Bak and Hua Mongoloid. The Blacks ruled China until around 1000-700 BC. Names for the Blacks in China The Blacks of China were known in the historical literature by many names, including *** Austroloid, Oceanean, etc by the Europeans. The East Indians and Mongoloid groups had other names for these Blacks such as Dara. Yneh-chih. Yaksha, Suka ,and K'un-lun. Lushana and Seythians. The original Black population that lived in China was the Negritos and Austroloid groups. After 5000 BC, Africoid people from Kush in Africa, began to enter China and Central Asia from Iran, while another group reached China by sea. This two-route migration of Blacks to China led to the development of southern and northern Chinese branches o .. ...

Lopez-Petrakis-Chemirani trio comes to Lithuania for the first time, so we would like to know who you are. Can you introduce us with members of the trio, and what kind of music do you play? The three members are Stelios Petrakis from Crete, Greece, Efrén López from Valencia, Spain, and Bijan Chemirani, born in France from Persian parents. Stelios plays in this project mainly Cretan lyra, a kind of traditional fiddle, and lauto, the local lute. He’s also a great instrument maker; actually we play many of his creations in our concerts and CD’s. I’m Efrén and play several kinds of lutes (Afghan rabab, Turkish kopuz, Cretan laouto and fretless classical guitar) and hurdy gurdy, a very special medieval instrument. We have also Bijan, he’s a master on several percussion instruments, but he’s more known as a zarb player, an Iranian drum. We play mainly our own instrumental compositions, based in several musical traditions of the Mediterranean, Middle East, Central Asia, and also Medieval Europe. You ...

A little bit of cross-promotion from one of your page managers here but...the WAC Student Committee is looking for new members! The regions and groups that are currently unrepresented are listed below, so if you have any friends or colleagues in these areas who may be interested in joining please pass this on to them. Regions and groups needing representatives; • Central America and the Caribbean • Southern America • Eastern Asia • Southern Asia • Western Asia and the Middle East • Central & Eastern Europe & Central Asia • Northern Europe • Southern Europe • Central Africa • Eastern and Southern Africa • Northern Africa • Indigenous peoples worldwide Detailed call for members here;

Hm. Very interesting: ""The term [Oriental Jews] applied to non-Ladino-speaking jews from the Arab countries, Iran, India, or Central Asia. In biblical times their ancestors left Palestine for North Africa or the Middle East -- from where they immigrated to Central Asia or the Indian subcontinent. While their religion set them apart from their hosts, they underwent cultural assimilation and adopted the local language as their own. In the late 1960s the 1.5 million Oriental Jews formed about one-ninth of the world's Jewry. They were the dominant group among the Jews in Palestine under the Ottomans. But since the Jewish aliyas [moving to Israel] into Palestine between 1882-1939 did not include Oriental Jews (except 45,000 from North Yemen), their proportion in the Jewish community in Palestine declined to about one-fifth of the total on the eve of the Second World War. However, following the 1948-1949 Arab-Israeli War, Oriental Jews began to arrive in Israel in large numbers. Given their higher birth rate, ...

U.S. military must find ways to meet global threats - and budget demands WASHINGTON -- Pirates prowl the high seas. Terrorists flex their muscles in Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia. China gets stronger. Russia grows increasingly inscrutable, and Iran and North Korea remain unpredictable. Trying to find footing in this shifting landscape of international power plays and intrigues is the American military, which right now appears more focused on how to adjust to mandatory budget cuts because the White House and Congress were unable to reach a deal to stop them. Perhaps lost in the debate is the bigger question: What role... ~magmaw

TALKING TO YOUR KIDS ABOUT BLOOD MONEY “The talk.” We all have to face it at some point. No matter how prepared you think you are, you’re never quite ready for that one conversation that every parent dreads: How to tell your kids that you made all your money selling defective weapons to a small South American rebel group, and then got the soldiers who injured themselves with your faulty product addicted to pain killers cut with heroin. And that you used the profit from that endeavor to open a strip mining operation that essentially employed slave labor to rip precious earth metals from the ground and sell them to cell phone manufacturers to make mobile devices that most likely cause cancer. Also, that you fairly ruthlessly took over a good chunk of the opium trade in Central Asia by pitting various local warlords against one another and then killing them off one by one. And that you dabbled a little bit in snuff films, but, in your defense, you had no idea they were real. And that you ran a pyramid ...

Aga Khan I - (b. 1800, Persia [now Iran]; d. April 1881), personal name Hasan Ali Shah , imam or spiritual leader, of the Nizari Ismailite sect of the Shia Muslims. He claimed to be the direct descendant of Ali, the son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, and Ali's wife Fatimah (Muhammad's daughter) and also from the Fatimid caliphs of Egypt. Governor of the Iranian province of Kerman, he was highly favoured by Fath Ali Shah. The title Aga Khan (chief commander) was granted to him in 1818 by the Shah of Iran. Under Mohammad Shah, however, he felt that his family honour had been slighted and he rose in revolt in 1838. After his defeat, he fled to India seeking refuge under the British. He was granted a pension and he settled in Bombay (now Mumbai). He helped the Shia Muslim community in India to gain a greater sense of confidence and identity. Deputations from as far as Kashgar in China, Bokhara in Central Asia, Iran, the Middle East, and the African coast came to him for spiritual guidance. He encountered som ...

Sardar, a word of Indo-Iranian origin also spelled as Sirdar or Serdar, is a title of nobility (sir-, sar/sair- means "head or authority" and -dār means "holder" in Sanskrit[2] and Avestan[3] respectively) that was originally used to denote princes, noblemen, and other aristocrats. It has also been used to denote a chief or leader of a tribe or group. It is used synonymously with the titleAmir. The term and its cognates originate from and have been historically used across Persia (now Iran), South Asia (Pakistan, India, and Nepal), Mesopotamia (now Iraq, Kurdistan, Turkey, Syria), the Balkans (now Serbia and Montenegro) and Egypt.[4] It is frequently used as a personal name by both men and women throughout the Balkans, Turkey, Central Asia, Iran, and Pakistan. [citation needed] After the decline of feudalism, Sardar later indicated a Head of State, a Commander-in- chief, and an Army military rank. As a military rank, a Sardar typically marked the Commander-in-Chief or the highest-ranking military officer ...

India have become the inaugural champions of the AFC U-14 Girls Regional Championship 2013 for the South and Central region after whipping Bhutan 9-0 in their final game in the Sri Lankan capital on Sunday. The Indian girls finished on perfect 15 points as Kashmina scored a triple while Daya Devi Heigrujam and Pooja Dnyaneshwar Dhamal each clinched a brace with Nisha and Roja Devi Asem scoring a goal each against the Bhutanese. In the other final day match, Iran thrashed Tajikistan 7-1 thanks to Sana Sadeghy, Fatemeh Ghasemi and Fatemeh Mazidi’s brace each, as well as Melika Mohammadi’s goal, with the Tajikistanis’ Nargiza Yunusova scoring their lone goal. Bangladesh beat hosts Sri Lanka 3-0 through Monika Chakma’s double and Srimoti Krishnarani Sarkar’s goal. South and Central Asia was the first region to have finished their championship. Qatar will host the West region in April while the ASEAN outings will be held in June in Vietnam, with China being the venue for the East champions ...

What Military Equipment Should The U.S. Give Uzbekistan? March 10, 2013 - 7:37pm, by Joshua Kucera The Bug Pit U.S. Uzbekistan The question of whether, or how, to give military aid to Uzbekistan is probably the hottest question among Central Asia policymakers in Washington these days. The U.S. has agreed to leave some equipment behind for its partners in Central Asia after its forces withdraw from Afghanistan, and Uzbekistan has made clear that it has high expectations for the sort of equipment that it will get. But some in Washington are concerned that giving military equipment to Uzbekistan would only abet the misrule of President Islam Karimov, who heads one of the most repressive governments on the planet. This question will undoubtedly be at the top of the agenda this week when a large delegation from Uzbekistan, headed by Foreign Minister Abdulaziz Komilov, visits Washington. Publicly, the U.S. says it can provide military aid to Uzbekistan while still respecting human rights. At a recent congressio ...

Population Islam by country Allah-eser-green.png Africa[show] Asia[show] Europe[show] The Americas[show] Oceania[show] Portal icon Islam portal v t e India's Muslim population is the world's third largest[10] and the world's largest Muslim-minority population.[11] Most of the Muslims in India belong to Indian ethnic groups, with minor to obvious levels of gene flow from outside, primarily from Persia and Central Asia.[12][13][14] The largest concentrations – about 47% of all Muslims in India, according to the 2001 census – live in the three states of Uttar Pradesh (30.7 million) (18.5%), West Bengal (20.2 million) (25%), and Bihar (13.7 million) (16.5%). Muslims represent a majority of the local population in Lakshadweep (93% in 2001) and Jammu and Kashmir (67% in 2001). High concentrations of Muslims are found in the eastern states of Assam (31%) and West Bengal (25%), and in the southern states of Kerala (24.7%) and Andhra Pradesh (14%). Officially, India has the third largest Muslim population (aft ...

KASHMIR: THE EMERGING BATTLEGROUND FOR CENTRAL ASIA Chronicles of Abu Abdul Samad | KASHMIR: THE EMERGING BATTLEGROUND FOR CENTRAL ASIA As the drawdown date for the US and NATO forces is coming closer, moves and counter-moves have already begun by powers who want to derive benefits from post US- led occupation of Afghanistan to link-up and create influence in mineral-rich Central Asia. On 5 May 2012, Present Union Minister for Finance and then Indian Home Minister P. Chidambaram, talking to Indian chief ministers at their National Counter Terrorism Strategy Conference, commented: “…that given India’s 7516 km coastline, 15,106 km of international borders with seven countries (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Bangladesh and Myanmar) and a number of international gateways, state Anti-Terrorist Forces would have to necessarily work with a number of agencies of the Central Government, especially when there are threats in the domain of sea, air and space..”[i] On another instance, in his spe ...

After the war BY ED FELIEN Americans feel pretty good about the ending of the Afghan war. Obama says he will withdraw 34,000 troops (more than half the total U.S. troops in Afghanistan) by the end of 2013 and turn all responsibility for military operations over to the Afghan government. In his State of the Union Address, he said, “[W]e can say with confidence that America will complete its mission in Afghanistan, and achieve our objective of defeating the core of al Qaeda.” Was that what it was all about? Getting al Qaeda? Was that the whole story? In the 19th century, Afghanistan was a pawn in the Great Game that Russia and Great Britain played in Central Asia. Britain insisted it was essential for them to maintain influence in Afghanistan to protect their colony in India. But there was an even darker and more immediately profitable motivation. Afghanistan produced the opium that Britain forced on the Chinese. When Chinese authorities stopped the opium trade in 1838, the British invaded in 1839, defe ...

Moscow’s mosques are running out of room Filed under: ISLAMIC NEWS — 4 Comments March 28, 2012 2 Votes On a cold Friday in March, Bolshaya Tatarskaya street in the centre of Moscow is at a standstill. It runs past the Russian capital’s oldest mosque. More than two million Muslims now live and work in Moscow. It has become one of the biggest cities for Muslims in Europe and its few houses of worship can no longer cope. During Friday prayers the historic building is overflowing and thousands of faithful are praying outside in the snow. Cars honk their horns and local people struggle to get past on the pavements. It is a scene repeated at all of Moscow’s four mosques, as tens of thousands of Muslims gather for prayers every Friday. The imam says the authorities are ignoring demands for new mosques The new Muslims are mainly young migrants from the former Soviet republics of Central Asia and the Caucasus. Poverty and conflict forced them to seek new lives in Russia, and millions of Uzbeks, Tajiks and ...

After falling asleep last night in deep prayer I woke up this morning and all I can say is There is Power in the name of Jesus! Pastor Chris and Larry are heading to Central Asia today to share the love of Christ a BOLD example of God's love!

The Uyghurs are a Turkic people living in Eastern and Central Asia. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the East Turkistan (Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China) which is predominantly Muslim nation occupied by the Chinese Communist Party since 1949.East Turkistan is a vast land of 640,000 square miles -- one sixth the total of all China. Geographically, it is China’s largest province. significant diasporic communities of Uyghurs exist in the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan,also Afghanistan, Pakistan,USA and Turkey. The Uyghur people of East Turkistan face brutal cultural, linguistic, political, and physical oppression at the hands of a regime widely known as one of the world's worst violators of human rights.Much like Tibetans, Uyghurs in East Turkestan have struggled for cultural survival in the face of a government-supported influx of Chinese migrants, as well as harsh repression of political dissent and any expression, of their distinct identity, ...

Central Asia & Europe, is there any real strategy in Europe or is Central Asia still considered as "Russian backyard" ? 7 March 2013 The EU has failed to leave a geopolitical mark on Central Asia, or so Neil Melvin argues. If Brussels hopes to become a significant player in the region, it needs to focus on what it does best – promoting liberal-democratic norms and comprehensive approaches to security. Last summer, on the fifth anniversary of the adoption of the EU Strategy for Central Asia, the European Council approved continuation of the Strategy’s implementation in its current form. The Council Conclusions on Central Asia highlight that the Strategy has ‘proven itself and remains valid’. In terms of achievements, the ministers point to the development of the EU’s diplomatic presence in the region since 2007 and the EU’s response to the 2010 crisis in Kyrgyzstan. They note that while all of the former goals of the Strategy remain pertinent – including human rights, rule of law, good govern ...

Central Asia & USA, any strategy which looks beyond Afghanistan? The US in Central Asia: Beyond Afghanistan? The United States’ anticipated withdrawal from Afghanistan is likely to be accompanied by a sea change in its Central Asia policies. Today, we offer two perspectives on how Washington’s presence in the region may evolve after 2014. As the U.S. and ISAF forces leave Afghanistan, U.S. policy in Central Asia must necessarily change too, from a primarily military strategy into one based on economics and political support. Continued military emphasis is ruled out because there is no discernible military threat other than Afghanistan, because Washington cannot afford protracted military deployments, and because such deployments would further antagonize Moscow and Beijing and confirm those governments’ deepest suspicions about U.S. objectives. However, can the New Silk Road, Washington’s highly touted economic program of building infrastructure and trading networks among Central and South Asian st ...

Central Asia & China, a ISN/ETH Zurich commentary China in Central Asia 5 March 2013 SCO summit 2009, courtesy www.kremlin.ru Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit in Yekaterinburg, 2009 Sébastien Peyrouse, Jos Boonstra and Marlène Laruelle believe that China’s future interests in Central Asia rest upon four pillars. They involve keeping Uyghur separatists down, keeping northeastern neighbors stable, managing natural resources effectively and continuing to develop new markets. By Sébastien Peyrouse and Jos Boonstra and Marlène Laruelle for EUCAM Excerpted from Security and Development Approaches to Central Asia: The EU Compared to China and Russia. Long term interests China’s key foreign policy strategies are driven by factors far removed from Central Asia; instead Beijing is focused on the relationship with the United States, regional integration in Asia, partnership with Japan and the European Union, as well as improving relations with India.[1] In this foreign policy framework their post-Sov ...

Urdu, the national language of Pakistan, was created around the 1600’s in Central Asia. The word ‘Urdu’ comes from the Turkish word ‘ordu’ meaning ‘camp’ or ‘army’. It was used as a unifying communication tool between the Muslim soldiers during their conquestof Ancient India (including Countries east until Myanmar) and Eastern Persia. These soldiers were of Persian, Arab, or Turkish descent. The majority of the soldiers, however, were of Persian origin. This directly affected the language to be used between them. The language of the government and thatwhich dominated earlier on was Farsi, but eventually changed to Urdu to accommodate the other races. Despite the fact, Urdu vocabulary contains approximately 70% Farsi and the rest being a mix of Arabic and Turkish. The grammar takes some elements from Farsi and Arabic but also has elements that are uniqueand different from all three of its mother tongues. In current times, however, many Urdu speakers have adopted many English and ...

I don't see why more universities don't have India studies departments. There's plenty of emerging China departments (and older ones from the Orientalist days) as well as Japan and Korea departments, and then Russia is integrated into all the IR departments and has been since the Cold War, and then during the early years of the War on Terror a bunch of smaller Middle East departments sprouted up and then there was the shift of Boren scholarships towards Middle East/Central Asia languages like Arabic and Pashto and Farsi and Urdu, and of course Latin American and European studies have always been integrated into the departments of all liberal arts since, bluntly, America shares a civilization with those regions. But I've literally never heard of South Asian studies institutes at major universities, or any focuses on South Asia other than linguistic or cultural elements- never the broader scope of things that CIA and DOS demand their people to know for the Middle East or East Asia. And just about every ana ...

An Interesting Trivia! This is an interesting story for the 22 million Filipinos with partial or a tint of the Chinese blood. It is plausible that some of them would have the Y-chromosomes of Genghis Khan, because the Kublai Khan and many of the Mongols who ruled China descended from Genghis Khan. I came across a story of how some geneticists discovered a Y chromosome that is common among men in Eurasia. This story began with Genghis Khan who at the time of his death in the early part of the 13th century, his empire extended from the Pacific Ocean all the way to the Caspian Sea in Europe; including China, Central Asia and much of Russia. Some archaeologists were searching for his burial place, when some geneticists stumbled on a legacy of Genghis Khan. They noticed that a Y chromosome (which is passed down from male to male descendants) was all over Eurasia and did not come from a single population. A clue to their origin was that this Y chromosome was particularly very common in Inner Mongolia. The gene ...

Geo Strategic Importance Of Gwadar. “If we see this whole region, it is like a funnel. The top of the funnel is this wide area of Central Asia and also China's western region. And this funnel gets narrowed on through Afghanistan and Pakistan and the end of this funnel is Gwadar Port. So this funnel, futuristically, is the economic funnel of this whole region” (Former President of Pakistan Pervaz Musharraf, 2002: 22nd March). Geographical environment is considered as one of the important factors influencing the development of human society. The most critical element of the environment is the sea, which occupies almost three-quarters of the surface of earth. Pakistan is blessed with a sea frontage of 1100 kms, stretching to West and Southeast axis. About 36,000 ships transit through Pakistan’s area of interest each year. Pakistan’s total annual trade is about 38 million tons out of which 95% takes place through sea. Karachi port is handling 68% whereas Port Qasim takes care of 32% of the sea borne t ...

Join cultural anthropologist Alanna E. Cooper, who will discuss her new book, Bukharan Jews and the Dynamic of Global Judaism. Dr. Cooper, who received her doctorate from BU’s Anthropology department, will share stories from her work among Bukharan Jews in Central Asia, Israel and New York. She offe...

Chanting softly on my japa beads, the man shouted, “Shut up!” Volume 4, Chapter 29 January 12, 2003 – February 06, 2003 Soon after my departure from the Persian Gulf, my curiosity as to how Krsna consciousness would spread in Islamic countries was answered when my godbrother, Bhakti Bringa Govinda Maharaja, invited me to Kazakhstan to participate in a five-day festival celebrating the end of the Christmas Marathon. After tolerating the heat of Arabia, I braced myself for the severe winter of Central Asia and boarded a Kazakhstan Airlines flight from Delhi to Almaty on January 14. Central Asia lies on the ancient silk route to the Far East, the trade link between China and Europe for 400 years until the 15th century. The inhabitants are mainly farmers, living in river valleys and oases. A few still live a nomadic lifestyle, continually moving with their livestock across the virtually uninhabited tracts of land in search of fresh pastures. By the 1930s, all of the countries in Central A ...

``..Pallas's cat (Otocolobus manul), also called the manul, is a small wild cat having a broad but patchy distribution in the grasslands and montane steppe of Central Asia. The species is negatively affected by habitat degradation, prey base decline, and hunting, and has therefore been classified as Near Threatened by IUCN since 2002.[2] Pallas’s cat was named after the German naturalist Peter Simon Pallas, who first described the species in 1776 under the binomial Felis manul.[3]..``

some people never think beyond their brain's borders seen that guy on internet: The article misses out the reasons for anti turkism in Asia, Europe, Africa and the rest of the world. How about having detailed sections on the below. Historical allegations 1. Barbaric raids on all of Europe mass murder pillage and rape. 2. Total extermination and ethnic cleansing of all Indo-European or Caucasian peoples throughout Central Asia. 3. Frequent raids on the Chinese empires and abduction of women and children. 4. Crushing the Persian and Indian people and enslaving them under strict Ottoman Sultans. 5. Abducting and enslaving children from Europe conscripting child soldiers by brain washing them and then making them wage war against their own people. 6. Building the worlds biggest Harem or Brothel of sex slavery over a converted Christian monastery which is known as the Ärtogrul Gazy Mosque. Enslaving europeans, Middle Eastern and African peoples breaking down their families and making the women including child ...

We are looking for 1-2 more contributions for the volume described below. Primary focus is the Caucasus but we are ready to consider pieces on Central Asia or countries around the Caspian Alternative Approaches to Human Security: Conflicts between Global and Local Governance Françoise Companjen and Abel Polese (eds) Deadline for abstracts (300 words plus short biography) 15 April 2013 Please write to f.j.companjenand ap Introduction Security in the Caucasus is being jeopardized by an imbalance of power, a deficiency in democracy and a dearth of regional security institutions. In military terms Russia is the strongest power in the region. Turkey is considered the only democratic state although Human Rights issues there are still a problem and, for the time being, Turkey is the only NATO ally. As yet there are no answers to underlying tensions, especially fraught on the Turkish border, on the Azeri-Armenian border, and on the Georgian-Russian border. With the exception of Azerbaijan which has oil and gas a ...

TURKSAM follows Turkish and world affairs throught the experts who can speak regional languages and provides readers credible foresight and analysis Our area of interest includes Russia, Ukraine, Caucasus, Central Asia, Iran, Middle East, Turkey, Cyprus, EU, the USA, Far East and the issues of energ...

If the Middle East, Af-Pak and South Asia finds lasting peace, what will happen to all those fancy weapons the US and European war machine has been churning out year after year? Why would you want peace in the Af-Pak, South Asia, Middle East, or for that matter anywhere else on the planet, if you are Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman or even *** Cheney’s Halliburton that has been making billions building those military bases all across the Af-Pak, Middle East and Central Asia? And it’s not just the awesome arms and ammo that are an endless source of income for the merchants of death.

The Meena caste - whose name is also transliterated as Meenoat, Meenanda or Mina - is found mainly in the Rajasthan region of India. Their name is derived from Meen, the Sanskrit word for fish, and they claim descent from the Matsya avatar, or fish incarnation, of Vishnu. Scholars have disagreed as to whether the Meenas are an indigenous tribe, or whether they migrated to the region from Central Asia. According to Britannica, "the Minas are possibly of inner Asiatic origin, and tradition suggests that they migrated to India in the 7th century with the Rajputs". They once ruled the Matsya Kingdom but their social significance diminished thereafter. This change began with their assimilation with Scythian people and reached a low point when the British government declared them to be a criminal tribe. This action was taken to support their alliance with Rajput kingdom then in Rajasthan, and Meenas were still in war with Rajputs, carrying out guerrilla attacks to retain their lost kingdoms. Meenas celebrate M ...

"Though Islam had its genesis in Arabian Peninsula, it was the Persians, Turks and Kurds—all non-Arabs, that extended its spread and development resulting in a vast political territory stretching from the Iberian peninsula to the Hindukush and Gangetic valley. In India , Islam entered after three hundred years of the demise of the Prophet, after being enriched for two hundred years in the most civilized and culturally sophisticated land called Persia . Therefore Islam in Central Asia and Indian sub-continent was the symbol of modern and cultured sophisticated lifestyle till the nineteenth century when the entire landscape was shaken forever by the onset of the European colonialism. To Assam , Islam came as a finished product from the great Indian tradition of cultural assimilation and pluralism."

Unlike Constantinople, the seat of empires, Afghanistan has always been the graveyard of empires. Pakistan's last outpost at the western end of the barren, winding Khyber Pass, stands sentinel over Torkham Gate, the deceptively orderly border crossing into Afghanistan. Frontier Scouts in gray shalwar kameezes (traditional tunics and loose pants) and black berets patrol the lonely station commanded by a major of the legendary Khyber Rifles, the militia force that has been guarding the border with Afghanistan since the nineteenth century, first for British India and then for Pakistan. This spot, perhaps more than any other, has witnessed the traverse of the world's great armies on campaigns of conquest to and from South and Central Asia. All eventually ran into trouble in their encounters with the unruly Afghan tribals. Alexander the Great sent his supply trains through the Khyber, then skirted northward with his army to the Konar Valley on his campaign in 327 bc. There he ran into fierce resistance and, st ...

The work is entirely by Dr. John Palo. It is forwarded for your information. It is Copyright © 1999 Dr. John Palo It; as such, is all Quoted. MYSTIC GIFTS FROM ANCIENT EGYPT By Dr. John Palo (Some of the R+C traditional roots reach the Ancient Egypt) The Ancient Egyptians Mystery Schools are a great source of our mystic teachings. Our tradition had two roots. One is in Ancient Egypt. The other is in Central Asia. However, because of Egypt's early mastery of writing and the caliber of the Greek scholars who studied there, Egypt has left us a definitive trail of mystical principles. These principles, these gifts, live in the heart of every Rosicrucian. Some are enacted at every Rosicrucian ritual. MEMPHITE SCHOOL Perhaps the greatest mystic gift comes from the Ancient Egyptian Memphite School of 4,000 to 5,000 years ago. The world's first historical statement on creation can be traced to that school. It is humanity's first recorded trinity. It presents the creator God Ptah's sequential steps to creation. 1 ...

FIRST NATIONS First ! visit our page : Bayrishev (an Altaic-Turkic singer and narrator from mountainous Altai in Central Asia) is a master of the ancient Altaic gluttural singing kay. 'Kay' is a special type of the overtone singing spread among nomadic Altaic tribes of Central Asia (Mongols,Turks,Tungus-Mannchu) etc.). The singer seems to sing with several voices at one time. Besides he can masterly play the khomus (it is an Altaic harp), the shoor (flute without a mouthpiece) placed on the topshur..

Chiragh-I-Rawshan - An Ismaili Tradition in Central Asia The word chiragh is derived from the Syriac shrag or shragh, meaning lamp, and Chiragh-i Rawshan means shining or luminous lamp, which is one of the oldest surviving Ismaili traditions in the regions of the Central Asia. It is an assembly (majalis) of the believers, where a lamp is illumined, which is its hallmark, and the Koranic verses are chanted for the eternal peace of the departed soul, or for the prosperity of one who is alive. It appears in the Northern Area of Pakistan that a white cloth is spread on the ground and a lamp (chiragh) is burned in the middle. No other light is allowed to be kept or used as long as this lamp remains burning. The Koranic verses and other religious formula are recited while preparing the wicks of the lamp and inserting the oil made of the fat of sacrificial animal. With loud chanting of salwat, the qadi stands in front of the khalifa (headman) and places the lamp down again three times. It exhorts the Oneness of ...

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a sovereign country in South Asia. With a population exceeding 180 million people, it is the sixth most populous country in the world. Located at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and Western As...

Eurasia Economic Summit is one of the most reputable and long established regional organizations, targeting decision makers and opinion leaders of public and private sector in Eurasia. The geography covers the regions of Balkans, the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa and Turkey.

What is Hinduism? - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU The word 'Hindu' does not occur at all in our ancient literature. The first reference to it in an Indian book is, I am told, in a Tantrik work of the eighth century A.C., where 'Hindu' means a people and not the followers of a particular religion. But it is clear that the word is a very old one, as it occurs in the Avesta and in old Persian. It was used then and for a thousand years or more later by the peoples of western and central Asia for India, or rather for the people living on the other side of the Indus river. The word is clearly derived from Sindhu, the old, as well as the present, Indian name for the Indus. From this Sindhu came the words Hindu and Hindustan, as well as Indus and India. The famous Chinese pilgrim I-tsing, who came to India in the seventh century A.c., writes in his record of travels that the 'northern tribes', that is the people of Central Asia, called India 'Hindu' (Hsin-tu) but, he adds, 'this is not at all a common name. .. and the most su ...

Dance Main article: Korean dance Jinju geommu As with music, there is a distinction between court dance and folk dance. Common court dances are jeongjaemu (정재무) performed at banquets, and ilmu (일무), performed at Korean Confucian rituals. Jeongjaemu is divided into native dances (향악정재, hyangak jeongjae) and forms imported from Central Asia and China (당악정재, dangak jeongjae). Ilmu are divided into civil dance (문무, munmu) and military dance (무무, mumu). Many mask dramas and mask dances are performed in many regional areas of Korea.[5] The traditional clothing is the genja, it is a special kind of dress that women wear on festivals. It is pink with multiple symbols around the neck area. Traditional choreography of court dances is reflected in many contemporary productions. Taekkyeon the traditional military martial art is central to the classic Korean dance. Taekkyeon being a complete system of integrated movement found its core techniques adaptable to mask, dance and other tra ...

Long before Attila was born, the Huns had already created a terrible reputation. The original Huns (a Mongolian people) may have wandered on the plains of Central Asia. As far back as 200 B.C. the Huns terrified all of Asia, from the Volga River (Russia) eastward to the Pacific Ocean. They warred co...

“The entire area of Central Asia, including the Chinese Turkestan with which Russian Central Asia has always been closely connected, may well tend to move with time in the direction of independent statehood. It is not inconceivable that this vast territory may some day be encompassed in a new Turkic, Muslim state oriented toward the Middle East.”-Richard Pipes, “Muslims in Soviet Central Asia: Trends and Prospects”, Part II, Middle East Journal (September 1955), page 308. Mr. Pipes backed the concept of a Muslim Caliphate against Russia. Ta-Dah!

Gujjar, Pakistan Gujjar/Gojar/Gurjar is a South Asian tribe; Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh. Gujjar's history also goes back to Central Asia and Middle Eastregion. This information is specifically form Gujjars of Pakistan. Pakistan: The Muslim Gujjars are considered to be a major tribe in Pakistan; in fact, they compromise as much as ten percent of the country's entire population. Gujjars have given their names to several places in Pakistan, including Gujranwala, Gujjar, Gujar Khan, Gojra and Gujrat. The Gujjars have migrated and settled in many urban areas of Pakistan. Islamabad, Sialkot, Lahore, Faisalabad and Karachi has now large Gujjar population. Some population is also present in urban and rural areas of Sindh and Balochistan. Azad Kashmir: There are many prominent Gujjar families in the Azad Kashmir, in the following places: Pramekot, Rahimkot, Riat, Dadyal, Mirpur, Bhalot Chowk (Mirpur), Mandi Village (Ddayal),Sahalia (Dadyal) Saliah Village (Dayal), Kund (Dadyal), Kotli (Khoi Ratta, An ...

/mʊmˈbaɪ/, formerly Bombay, is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world.[6] Sony PCG-31211T Battery Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city.[7] It is also the wealthiest city in India,[8] and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia. The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. Sony PCG-31311T Battery For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the H ...

BLACK HISTORY: Ancient civilization rarely suffered a woman to rule. Historians can find almost no evidence of successful, long-term female leadership from antiquity—not from the Mediterranean nor the Near East, not from Africa, Central Asia, East Asia, nor the New World. In the ancient world, a woman only came to power when crisis descended on her land—a civil war that set brother against husband against cousin, leaving a vacuum of power—or when a dynasty was at its end and all the men in a royal family were dead. Boudicca led her Britons against the aggressions of Rome around 60, but only after that relentless imperial force had all but swallowed up her fiercest kinsmen. A few decades later, Cleopatra used her great wealth and sexuality to tie herself to not one but two of Rome’s greatest generals, just as Egypt was on the brink of provincial servitude to the empire’s insatiable imperial machine. It wasn’t until the development of the modern nation-state that women took on long-lasting mantl ...

The CIA's "Operation Cyclone" - Stirring The Hornet's Nest Of Islamic Unrest FriendsOfLiberty.com 10-27-2 Zbigniew Brzezinski not long ago revealed that on July 3, 1979, unknown to the American public and Congress, President Jimmy Carter secretly authorized $500 million to create an international terrorist movement that would spread Islamic fundamentalism in Central Asia and "de-stabilise" the Soviet Union... The CIA called this Operation Cyclone and in the following years poured $4 billion into setting up Islamic training schools in Pakistan (Taliban means "student"). Young zealots were sent to the CIA's spy training camp in Virginia, where future members of al-Qaeda were taught "sabotage skills" - terrorism. Others were recruited at an Islamic school in Brooklyn, New York, within sight of the fated Twin Towers. In Pakistan, they were directed by British MI6 officers and trained by the SAS. The result, quipped Brzezinski, was "a few stirred up Muslims" - meaning the Taliban. The Wall Street Journal decla ...

SCIENCE IN ISLAMIC HISTORY When the Prophet Mohammed, peace be upon him, began to preach Islam, the Arabs were a community of ignorant, superstitious tribes. However, thanks to the light of the Qur’an they were rescued from superstition and began to follow the path of reason. As a result of this, one of the most astonishing developments in world history took place and in a few decades Islam, which emerged from the small town of Medina, spread from Africa to Central Asia. The Arabs, who previously could not even rule a single city in harmony, came to be rulers of a world empire.In his book The Straight Path, the American expert on Islam Professor John Esposito describes the miraculous aspect of the rise of Islam like this:What is most striking about the early expansion of Islam is its rapidity and success. Western scholars have marveled at it... Within a decade, Arab forces overran the Byzantine and Persian armies... and conquered Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Persia and Egypt... Muslim armies proved to be for ...

We were chatting over a coffee, simple filter, not Nescafe (baby-killers) and started to think out loud. I'm so glad we ended our 4 week holiday through Central Asia with an afternoon of volunteering at a Mongolian orphanage - it really made us feel we were giving something back at this time of global crisis. We should have never let Clegg into government!

AN OPEN LETTER TO GEELANI Dear Mr.Geelani Hello! I am Kashmiri Pandit, well you must be thinking of cursing me and my tribe because we are a thorn in you ambitions, ambitions to make Kashmir totally Islamic. Moving on, I am not going to burden you with rhetoric, Because like everybody else I am too bored with it. Not far back you issued a statement that some Govt. agencies are portraying Nund Reshi as secular . In your opinion he was totally Islamist. I am not going to put cart infront of wheel of your opinion. As it is, that will be wheel infront of freedom of expression. But by the same logic, I too have opinions. But since you are Sayid, I want to know where you rightful place is, Kashmir or Geelan in Central Asia where you come from? You have ordered migrant labourers to leave Kashmir. Have you forgotten how Kashmiri in 16th Century were so tired of your tribe that they ordered Sayyids to leave Kashmir? But I am moving too fast. So, Mr. Geelani, Nund Reshi was not Secular. Of course as a Sayyid you ha ...

INVITE FOR TOMORROW'S TALK: MONTHLY MONOLOGUES: 'WHY IT SPEAKS TO ME' THE ATTIC 36 REGAL BUILDINGS, New Delhi. TEL: 23746050 thursday 28th february 6.30 pm’ Why Ghalib Speaks to Me' a talk by, Prof Gopi Chand Narang 'Monthly Monologue: Why it Speaks to Me?' Urdu, the language of Delhi (Zaban-e- Dehli) had its origins in the Sultanate period of the 13th century and its magnificent flowering in the courts of the Mughals in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries. Known at different as Dehlavi, Hindavi, Rekhta, Hindi and finally Urdu it produced the cultural high point in Literature, Music and Poetry of the Mughal Empire including the cultured elites of Delhi, Hyderabad, Rampur, Bhopal and hundreds of cities in the Deccan and the Punjab. Trade between the Arabs, Turks, Afghans, Persians and the local merchants speaking Punjabi, Khadi Boli, Sindhi and other local languages at the large sarai’s (inns) resulted in the birth of a new language, a fusion of the languages of Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent . ...

the results are in -- I participated in the National Geographic project --"GENOGRAPHIC" -- and the results are as follows =Maternal line is K2A and is in United Arab Emirates - wales - Ireland - Spain and Netherlands = Paternal line is R-Z2 western and Central Asia then to Russia and then Germany - Scandinavian area --=-the best news is 2.1 NEANDERTHAL DNA

JG6217 - Sales Agent - Telephones/Restaurant Reservations-Jumeirah Zabeel Saray Business Unit: Jumeirah Zabeel Saray Function: Reservations Job Type: Full Time Unlimited (UAE Business Unit) Location: UAE - Dubai About Jumeirah: At Jumeirah, we are committed to encouraging and developing our colleagues in world class environments. We value diversity and equal opportunity, employing over 10,000 colleagues from over 90 different countries including locations in Asia Pacific, CIS, Central Asia, Western and Eastern Europe, South America, Africa, USA and the Middle East. Jumeirah Zabeel Saray is a truly luxurious beachside resort located on the west crescent of the iconic Palm Jumeirah in Dubai and offers exhilarating views of the Arabian Gulf and Dubai’s impressive skyline. The lavish interior of the resort is inspired by palaces of the Ottoman period and features hand painted finishing, Turkish artworks and stunning murals that conjure up images of the grand and magnificent era of the Ottoman Empire. Jumeir ...

Kabul River Attock is the eastern terminus of the Kabul-Attock corridor to the Central Asia through which for centuries have passed the armies and the caravans alike. However unlike the modern highways, this corridor is not a work of engineering marvel but an act of nature as it was naturally carved through the Hindu Kush Mountains by the legendary Kabul River. The 435 miles long journey of River Kabul starts just west of the Kabul city in Afghanistan and ends at Attock where it ultimately falls into the River Indus.[2]

A brief introduction about Afghanistan for Afghans world wide, read, like and share. Afghanistan, (which literally means Land of the Afghan) is a mountainous land-locked country located in Central Asia. It has a history and culture that goes back over 5000 years. Throughout its long, splendid, and sometimes chaotic history, this area of the world has been known by various names. In ancient times, its inhabitants called the land Aryana. In the medieval era, it was called Khorasan, and in modern times, its people have decided to call it Afghanistan. The exact population of Afghanistan is unknown, however, it is estimated to be somewhere close to 32 million. Afghanistan is a heterogeneous nation, in which there are four major ethnic groups: Pashtoons, Tajiks, Hazaras, and Uzbeks. Numerous other minor ethnic groups (Nuristanis, Baluchis, Turkmens, etc.) also call Afghanistan their home. While the majority of Afghans (99%) belong to the Islamic faith, there are also small pockets of Sikhs, Hindus and even some ...

Christians ministering quietly in the Middle East say Muslims are coming to Christ at an unprecedented pace despite intense persecution of those who leave Islam. "Probably in the last 10 years, more Muslims have come to faith in Christ than in the last 15 centuries of Islam," said Tom Doyle, Middle East-Central Asia director for e3 Partners, a Texas-based missions agency. A former pastor, Doyle has been to the Middle East around 80 times and last week returned to the U.S. from a trip to Jerusalem, where he said both Muslims and Jews are turning to Christianity.

The Myth of the Aryan Invasion of India : One of the main ideas used to interpret and generally devalue the ancient history of India is the theory of the Aryan invasion. According to this account, India was invaded and conquered by nomadic light-skinned Indo-European tribes from Central Asia around 1500-100 BC, who overthrew an earlier and more advanced dark-skinned Dravidian civilization from which they took most of what later became Hindu culture. This so-called pre-Aryan civilization is said to be evidenced by the large urban ruins of what has been called the "Indus Valley culture" (as most of its initial sites were on the Indus river). The war between the powers of light and darkness, a prevalent idea in ancient Aryan Vedic scriptures, was thus interpreted to refer to this war between light and dark skinned peoples. The Aryan invasion theory thus turned the "Vedas", the original scriptures of ancient India and the Indo-Aryans, into little more than primitive poems of uncivilized plunderers. This idea ...

Islam Is the Complete way ofLife. George Bush once said we would love to see Islam Spreading As a Mazhad but Would never Tolerate It As the Complete way of life. The enemies of Islam know thatIslam is The Complete Way of Life but our own People refuse to accept it. As unfortunately so called' Molana. Abul kalam azad had once said when he was Indian Education Minister that People of Central Asia are all religous But Religion should be confined only to private life. we know in central asia there is huge population of Muslims. ~Thakur~

The Pakistan Policy Institute, USA highlights the significance of Pakistan in South Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia to U.S. national security interests. It identifies a pressing need for broader U.S. Pakistan strategic ties in winning the hearts and minds of the people in the region. Keeping...

Cotton exporters using child labor Conscientious consumers are credited with driving change in forced child labor practices inside one of the world's most repressive regimes: Uzbekistan. But while progress has been made, the fight is far from over. "Uzbekistan has one of the most atrocious human rights records of any nation in the world," said Steve Swerdlow, Central Asia research for Human Rights Watch. "It's longstanding President (Islam Karimov) has been in power for 23 years and he crushes dissent." Hundreds of thousands of students in Uzbekistan are pulled from their classrooms every fall and ordered into the fields to pick cotton for little or no pay. A mother was recorded on video saying that if she didn’t send her child to pick cotton, she faced a fine equivalent to two weeks pay. Rights groups say students are also threatened with losing their seat in the classroom. Government and private sector employees are also forced to join the harvest and meet quotas knowing that if they don't, they cou . ...

Kidnapping for ransom, It is common in countries with high levels of crime and corruption. 80% of all kidnapping for ransom occur in Latin America, but kidnapping is growing in sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe,Central Asia,the Balkans, and the Middle East. Travel Safe,

Which among the following is a correct order of the capital of Libya, Ghana and Kenya? [A]Lagos, Nairobi, Accra [B]Lagos, Nairobi, Oslo [C]Tripoli, Accra, Nairobi [D]Nairobi, Tripoli, Accra Show Answer 2. Which among the following types of clouds are associated with structure resembling the piles of "Cauliflower"? [A]Stratus [B]Nimbus [C]Cumulus [D]None of them Show Answer 3. Which among the following country is also known as Crossroads of Central Asia? [A]Uzbekistan [B]Afghanistan [C]Tajikistan [D]Turkmenistan Show Answer 4. Ngultrum is a currency of which of the following counties? [A]Bhutan [B]Myanmar [C]Cambodia [D]Laos Show Answer 5. What is the distance between consecutive longitudes at poles? [A]0 kms [B]25 kms [C]10 kms [D]12 Kms Show Answer 6. During which of the following events the distance between Sun and Earth is maximum? [A]Aphelion [B]Perihelion [C]Summer Solstice [D]Winter Solstice Show Answer 7. Which among the following is the average Orbital speed of the Earth around the Sun? [A]18.5 km ...

Throughout the world Muslims are living in a culture of violence be it a way to claim their genuine right or to settle scores with fellow Muslims or to indulge in sectarian killings. But they are involved in violence. Almost daily I see that somewhere in the world they are engaged in violence be it Mali, Somalia, Indonesia, Philippines, Syria, Pakistan, Egypt, Central Asia, part of Western China etc. The question is why Muslim is engaged in violence. What are the factors that have led them to such a stage that they cannot live without violence. The reasons that come to my mind is that somewhere down the line Muslims throughout the world are still nurturing the values of medieval period. Those values are having faith in autocracy, dictatorship and scant regard for democratic values. The question comes to the mind that why Muslims have been unable to develop the mindset of democracy. The reason is not far to seek. From the eighteenth century onwards when world witnessed technological and scientific developm ...

Join us on Sunday, February 24th for the opening event celebrating FPC’s 175th Anniversary. Everyone is welcome as we give thanks for the influence that 1st Presbyterian pioneers made on our church today. Bring your family and friends to learn more about FPC from 1837 to 2013. 9:30 a.m. -Christian Education for children through 12th grade -Adult Education featuring a guest speaker sponsored by FPC for her work in Central Asia. Rita will talk about the 175th anniversary of Presbyterian Global Mission. 11:00a.m. -Worship Service Replicating the service that was held for the 100th anniversary in 1937. -Music program includes both the choir and pipe organ, as well as the contemporary praise band. 12:00p.m. -175th Celebration Reception with sandwiches and cake -Display of historical records and church artifacts -Scavenger hunt designed to teach participants about the history of the building itself “As we celebrate our 175th anniversary, we look back with gratitude to all those on whose work our current ch ...

Gujjar history by Ali Hassan Chauhan Gurjar Category :- History As said by many historinans (alomost 90%), It is claimed that Gurjars originated in Central Asia, came into India via Afghanistan and established a kingdom in Rajasthan until defeated by the Muhammadans. They then settled in Gujarat, and this provides one explanation of the name, but this is contested. They are first referred to in the 7th century as warriors, who later migrated to the mountains for pasture for the animals. Their language is called Gujari, close to Pahari and Urdu. The census of India 1941 sates: "Historians seem to be satisfied that the tribes called "Gurjaras" were established in the area near Mount Abu in Rajasthan, around 6th century A.D. onwards. It is believed that these and other sections of the tribe were the ancestors of those now known as Gujars in this state. The “Gurjaras" were Hindus at the time they are first noticed in India. They had established a Kingdom of their own at the time of Harsha* of Thaneswar (606 ...

ISLAMABAD - Pakistan on Monday formally handed over Gwadar Port’s operations and development of its infrastructure to China at a signing ceremony held at the Presidency in Islamabad. President Asif Ali Zardari, Chinese Ambassador in Pakistan Liu Jian, Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar, federal ministers, members of parliament and government officials were present at the occasion. Spokesperson to the President Senator Farhatullah Babar said the ceremony actually marked the transfer of Concession Agreement from the Port of Singapore Authority to the China Overseas Port Holding Company. He said that the president hailed the transfer as an auspicious development in Pak-China relations as well as for the people of Pakistan particularly of Balochistan, saying that it would open window of ‘new opportunities’ for them. “Gwadar will soon be a “hub of trade and commerce in the region. It holds the key to bring together the countries of Central Asia, lending new impetus to Pakistan China relations,” the ...

Excerpt from Ayaz Amir Column.Let’s stop worrying about India. In its wildest dreams India could not do to us what we have managed to inflict on ourselves. RAW, with input from the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, could have tried for a hundred years and not been able to invent the lashkars (jahngvi ) and jaishes, tehriks (TTP) that we have produced in such abundance. What’s more, to scare no one so much as ourselves. Our jihadis used to dream of planting the green flag on the Delhi Red Fort or creating fanciful emirates in Central Asia. Those proving arduous undertakings, they have embarked upon a new jihad – conquering Pakistan from within. Apart from Chakwal Reohri , and peanuts the above gent gives me many reason to feel proud as Chakwali :)

Gwadar Port a gateway for trade with Central Asia: Harvest Tradings February 22, 2013 RECORDER REPORT Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Harvest Tradings Ahmad Jawad has said Gwadar Port could give the country an economic fillip. It could facilitate trade among at least two dozen countries, including those in the Persian Gulf, the Central Asian States, Iran, East Africa and so on. Talking to INP on Thursday, Ahmed Jawad said that Gwadar Port has the potential of becoming a very trade-friendly facility. He said under the new arrangement the Gwadar Port would get a new status in the world and it would help remove the sense of deprivation among the people of Balochistan. He said that it would encourage local and foreign investment there. "We may create a business plan in detail that 'How to utilise Gwadar in future'. Ministry of Commerce may assign the task in this regard to TDAP and PHDEC accordingly." Jawad said that this port should be termed as an energy port. The gas and oil deposits of CARs will find their ...

Gwadar Port | -600 KM Deep Coast Line -Until 1958 Gwadar was part of Oman but purchased by Pakistan on 8 September 1958. -In 2002, the Gwadar Port project (of building a large, deep-sea port) was begun in the town. -The port project commenced on 22 March 2002 with the first phase completed in December 2005. -Located on the route of Central Asia -China could save 20 Billion dollars by trading oil through Gwadar and Pakistan can generate revenue of 5 Billion dollars annually. -200,000 job will be created -National income will be increased by 40 Billion dollars For most posts, please like this page: United Youth Of Pakistan.

Throughout the 1990's, major U.S. oil companies attempted to gain the rights to huge reserves of natural gas in Central Asia, mostly located in Kazakhstan.In order to get the liquid natural gas from Kazakhstan, a pipeline needed to be constructe.

THE ORIGIN OF THE NATIONS OF SOUTH-East Asia by The Publisher Copyright All rights reserved Very broadly speaking, the races of the Orient may be divided into three main sub-races: the eastern Turkic peoples of Central Asia, the peoples of China and Japan and the tribes and peoples of south-East Asia. THE BROWN MONGOLOIDS OF SOUTH-East Asia Allow me to tackle the true origins of the latter. Gomer was the eldest son of Japheth and the father of three sons: Ashkenaz, Ripath and Togarmah. I shall discuss each of these sons, but before I do, Gomer himself needs to be discussed. Gomer was the Gamir or Gimirrai of the Assyrians and a part of the Cimmerians or Kimmerioi of the Greeks [1]. Even if one rejects the Bible, one cannot reject the Nations of Genesis chapter ten for their names are all preserved in history! The Armenians called Cappadocia gamir, after them [2]. The expansion of peoples in the Middle East forced them northwards over the Caucasus into southern Russia - the Ukraine, centred on the Dniester ...

History Of Pakistan. The history of Pakistan can be divided into two parts – pre-independence, before 1947 and post independence. Pakistan was a part of India until the country became independent on August 14, 1947. The history of ancient Pakistan dates back 5,000 years to the amazingly evolved Indus Valley Civilisation. Coexisting during the period of the Mesopotamian civilisation and the habitations of Sumer, this ancient culture still confounds scholars and historians with its well-planned cities, superb artistic skills and social structure. Amongst the greatest mysteries is its sudden disappearance, attributed by some to environmental causes and others to repeated invasions by tribes from Central Asia. Being the gateway to the Indian subcontinent, Pakistan has withstood many marauding armies who came to pilfer and loot. Notable among the invaders were the Aryans of Central Asia who came around 2000 BC, the Persians in 500 BC, the Greeks led by Alexander the Great in 326 A.D., Muhammad bin Qasim in 7 ...

Economic benefits of Gwadar Port, besides the geo-strategic importance are: capitalizing the opportunities for trade with landlocked Central Asian states and Afghanistan, promotion of trade and transport with Gulf States, trans-shipment, essentially of containerized cargo, unlocking the development potential of the hinterland, diversion of influx of human resources from upcountry to Gwadar, socio-economic uplift of the province of Balochistan, establishment of shipping-related industries, oil storage, refinery and petro-chemicals, export processing industrial zones and many more avenues. Gwadar could emerge as a key shipping point, bringing Pakistan a much-needed income, and when combined with the surrounding areas could become a trade hub, once road and rail links connect it to the rest of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia. A road from Gwadar to Saindak, said to be the shortest route between Central Asia and the sea, is under construction. Gwadar would provide landlocked Afghanistan and the Central ...

George W Bush began to negotiate with the Taliban immediately after coming into power in February. U.S. and Taliban diplomatic representatives met several times in Washington, Berlin and Islamabad. The FBI and Secret Service we're suspended from investigating terrorism so negotiations could commence with the Taliban. The goal of the meetings was to form a government of national unity between Afghanistan, it's 5 neighboring states, + Russia and the U.S. If the Taliban had accepted this coalition, they would have immediately received international economic aid. Originally, the U.S. government saw the Taliban regime “as a source of stability in Central Asia that would enable the construction of an oil pipeline across Central Asia”, from the rich oilfields in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan, through Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the Indian Ocean. Also, one of the conditions was that the Taliban was to hand over bin laden. Tom Simons, the U.S. representative at these meetings, openly threatened the ...

the samurai and the ninja system also created by Africans. Capparelli Brazilian martial arts was created by African slaves we had to hide the way we practice it we made it look like we was dancing so MASTER wont pull out the *** THE WHIP) cause we misbehaved this is where the racist word *** come from we called slaves masters the *** man. Also Christianity Islam Buddhism Judism all came out of the core of the happy nile Valley out of africa or should I call africa KUSH or should I call it Central Asia because at once the whole planet was call Asia

A warriors grave found in the Russian Caucasus from 2,200 years ago. Wow! Complete with helmets, weapons, and some of the earliest chain mail ever discovered. Not to mention Gold! The earliest finds of European pattern mail are from the 3rd century BCE from Horný Jatov, Slovakia, and a Celtic chieftain's burial located in Ciumeşti, Romania.[1] Its invention is commonly credited to the Celts,[2] but there are also examples of Etruscan pattern mail dating from at least the 4th century BCE.[3][4][5] Mail may have been inspired by the much earlier scale armour.[6][7] Mail spread to North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, India, Tibet, Korea and Japan.

Today at 4:30– Missions Field Trip will take the place of the prayer service. (All other organizations will be meeting at regular time.) Everyone is invited. We will be traveling, via the church bus, to New Hope Baptist Church for an International Mission Board Missions Exhibit: “Along The Silk Road Traveling Exhibit.” This is an opportunity to learn about peoples and cultures stretching westward from China through the heart of Central Asia. We will leave the church parking lot at 4:30. After the missions exhibit, we will have supper at the Chick-fil-A. We will return to the church around 8:00. Sand Hill Baptist Church Youth Sand Hill Baptist Church

Never came across so cheap analysis. I mean that are openly regretting the possibility of a wave of sustained prosperity that a the Chinese pipeline and direct connection to the energy corridor in Central Asia can bring and are even talking about yet again the possibility of a "Sino-Islamic" Nexus with Iran's, Pakistan's and Central Asian interests converging...why would that be a threat to India? Roogh Lewany; Arif Jan; Tariq Javed; Kishver Niazi; Haseeb Khan; Ayesha Zee Khan; Akhtar Mahsood; Asma Durrani; Urooj Shaheen; Saeed Anwar;

Dear all, I am sending this general invitation to this photo exhibition to you all as friends, students, colleagues and supporters of mine. I hope you can all make it. The exhibition will be held on Feb 22-24, titled 'Ayeyarwaddy Dreaming' featuring images of Myanmar & beyond at New Zero Art Space (see map and flier attached). Three photographers (Thet Oo Maung, Don Wright & myself) will be exhibiting their work, mostly images of Myanmar, but also from different corners of the globe, i.e. Tibet, South America, Central Asia, Banda Aceh (Indonesia), and Vietnam. All photos on display will be for sale as well as other earlier framed work, extra unmounted print and copies. This is a fundraising-raising event and all proceeds will go to DELTA (Disabilities, Education, Livelihood, Training Association). This is a small fund I established last year specifically to support physically-disabled people in the Ayeyarwaddy delta area around Pyapon get medical treatment or mobility aids. My main focus now is firstly, . ...

Migrations from Kashmir· Wailing Kashmir: Seven Migration of Kashmiri Pandits [Dr Satish Ganjoo] - The rulers of Kashmir encouraged the influx of Muslims into the Valley to counter the supremacy of the Pandits (Kashmiri Brahmans). During the reign of Suhadeva (AD 1301-1320) many Muslim adventurers came to Kashmir. The chief among them was a Muslim missionary- Bulbul Shah. Two others were Shahmir from Swat and Rinchana from Tibet. Shahmir came in AD 1313 along with his numerous relations. Suhadeva granted him a jagir in a village near Baramulla. Ramachandra, the Prime Minister and Commander-in-Chief of Kashmir, employed Rinchana and granted him jagir in a village in the Lar Valley. These two adventurers were instrumental in the establishment of the Muslim rule in Kashmir. Another adventurer who received Suhadeva’s patronage was Lankar Chak. Dulucha, a Tartar chief from Central Asia, invaded Kashmir with 60,000 strong horsemen. Suhadeva tried to induce him to retreat by paying him off a ...

Former ISI Chief: Americans are shooting themselves in the foot Lt. Gen. (R) Hamid Gul, a hardliner on Indo-Pak ties, was in charge of ISI operations against the Soviets in Afghanistan. He is said to have played a pivotal role in training the mujahideen. He served as ISI chief from 1987-89, mainly during Benazir Bhutto’s tenure as prime minister. Excerpts from a telephonic interview: Both the civilian and military leadership in Pakistan have admitted that the US operation against Osama bin Laden was an embarrassment. Is it possible to salvage US relations with Pakistan? Yes, it was an embarrassment. It was a blow. But the Americans are shooting themselves in the foot. They are pushing Pakistan closer to China. Anyway, the US will need Pakistan for its own strategic interests. It cannot move without Pakistan’s assistance and cooperation in Afghanistan. The same is true for India. It wants access to Afghanistan and Central Asia but that is not possible without Pakistan. I’m not sure what the Americans ...

Calling themselves the Pars after their original Aryan tribal name Parsa, Persians settled in a land which they named Parsua (Persis in Greek), bounded on the west by the Tigris River and on the south by the Persian Gulf. This became their heartland for the duration of the Achaemenid Empire.[5] It was from this region that eventually Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II of Persia) would advance to defeat the Median, the Lydian, and the Babylonian Empires, opening the way for subsequent conquests into Egypt and Asia Minor. At the height of its power after the conquest of Egypt, the empire encompassed approximately 8 million km2[6] spanning three continents: Asia, Africa and Europe. At its greatest extent, the empire included the modern territories of Iran, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, all significant population centers of ancient Egypt as far west as Libya, Turkey, Thrace and Macedonia, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, much of Central Asia, Afghanistan, northern ...

Are White People "Cold Adapted" Humans Some Whites have sought to explain their White skin by declaring that they became "Cold Adapted" Humans, owing to their adaptation to the Northern Climate, and that they have narrow noses to moisten and warm air as it enters the lung. Of course that is all patently false. ALL modern Humans are "Tropically Adapted" regardless of skin color, because we all evolved in the savannahs of Africa. Furthermore; The White mans true homeland (Central Asia) is not an extreme environment, it has a moderate UV index (5) and moderate Winters with Hot Summers. Also, Central Asia was UNAFFECTED by the last "Ice age". Therefore there was NO ENVIORMENTAL NEED for the White man to become "Cold Adapted" or White. For those unfamiliar with the term "Cold Adapted": It derives from the analysis of Neanderthal skeletons: Quote - "they exhibit anatomic adaptations to cold, especially in Europe, such as large body cores and relatively short limbs, which maximize heat production and minimiz ...

With the lengthiest track record of success, the best know Intelligence so far on the scale of records is ISI. The Inter-Services Intelligence was created as an independent unit in 1948 in order to strengthen the performance of Pakistan’s Military Intelligence during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. Its success in achieving its goal without leading to a full scale invasion of Pakistan by the Soviets is a feat unmatched by any other through out the intelligence world. KGB, The best of its time, failed to counter ISI and protect Soviet interests in Central Asia. It has had 0 double agents or Defectors through out its history, considering that in light of the whole war campaign it carried out from money earned by selling drugs bought from the very people it was bleeding, The Soviets. It has protected its Nuclear Weapons since formed and it has foiled Indian attempts to attain ultimate supremacy in the South-Asian theatres through internal destabilization of India. It is above All laws in its host country Pa ...

History of Kashmir The history of Kashmir is traceable as far back as 4000 years B.C. Twenty-one dynasties of Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Zoroastrians had ruled Kashmir till 14th century A.D when Muslims appeared at its political stage. Of these twenty-one dynasties, eighteen were native under whom Kashmir enjoyed an independent status and comparatively far more prosperity. During the period of Lalita Ditya, one of the most powerful kings of pre- Muslim era who ruled Kashmir from 715 to 752 A.D., most of the present Punjab, a part of Tibet and a large area of Central Asia were under the kingdom of Kashmir. Kashmir commanded high respect from all neighboring states. Muslims ruled the state for 480 years (1339 to 1819 A.D.) and this included 246 years of independence. Kashmir attained the peak of her glory during the period of Sultan Zainul Abedin (1420 to 1470 A.D.) popularly known as Budshah. Budshah, the great king as it means in Kashmiri language, was one of the noblest sons of the soil. People used to ...

OVER THE HILLS AND FAR AWAY When I was a kid, I loved to spend hours poring over maps, imagining multiple lives in exotic places from the steppes of Central Asia to the moors of the Falkland Islands and the highlands of the Great Rift Valley. I remember discovering Latin America in grade 5 social studies and announcing to my mother that when I grew up, I was going to live in Buenos Aires. Little did I realize how close to the mark I was (no pun intended): it took me half a century, but in August 2012, I moved to Montevideo, Uruguay. My first overseas journey, way back in 1977, was to the highlands and islands of northern Scotland, where I ended up in the fairy-tale town of Stromness and stood awestruck inside Orkney’s prehistoric Maeshowe. A few years later, a proud Barbadian cab driver showed me the breathtakingly beautiful Little Scotland district on the island’s untouristy Atlantic shore. Since then, I have gazed across the open ocean from Cape Spear, Newfoundland and through the eyes of Prince Hen ...

"History Today . 18th February'' 1405 – Tamerlane, Mongol Emperor (b. 1336) Timur, Tarmashirin Khan, Emir Timur (Persian: تیمور Timūr, Chagatai: Temür "iron"; 9 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), historically known as Tamerlane (from Persian: تيمور لنگ, Timūr-i Lang, Aksak Timur "Timur the Lame" in Turkish), was a Turkic ruler or rather a Turco-Mongolian ruler because of his alleged Mongolian origins. He conquered West, South and Central Asia and founded the Timurid dynasty. He was the grandfather of Ulugh Beg, who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449, and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur Beg, founder of the Mughal Empire, which ruled South Asia for centuries. Timur envisioned the restoration of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan. Unlike his predecessors Timur was also a devout Muslim who referred to himself as the Sword of Islam, converting nearly all the Borjigin leaders to Islam during his lifetime. His armies were inclusively multi-ethnic. During his lifetime Timur would emer ...

I live in Latakia. Just North is an area called Belloran, which is a water reservoir. This area is rolling hills and has pine trees, olives and oranges. This area is about half way between Latakia and the Turkish border. The area has a mixed population in terms of sects. But has one ethnic group which is not Syrian. They are Turkman. They are Syrian citizens, but ethnically from Central Asia. They are from the sect which is fighting the Syrian government. Their neighbors are from a minority sect. The area has lived in peace and friendly relations for a hundred years, if not more. All of a sudden, these Turkman families deserted their lovely homes and valuable farm lands, left everything behind and went to Turkey. This process was greatest in summer 2012. These people literally flooded into the Latakia immigration office and made passports, so they could leave legally. The Turkman are traditonally the auto mechanics in Latakia. Now, you can't get your car fixed! They are all gone. The indus ...

Pakistan traces its history back to 2,500 years B.C., when a highly developed civilization in the Indus Valley, excavations at Harappa, Moenjodaro, Kot Diji and Mehr Garh have brought to light, the evidence of an advanced civilization existing even in more ancient times. Around 1,500 B.C., the Aryans overwhelmed this region, and influenced the Hindu civilization, whose center moved to Ganges Valley, further east. Later, the Persians occupied the northern region in the 5th century B.C. up to the 2nd century A.D. The Greeks came in 327 B.C., under Alexander of Macedonia, and passed away like a meteor. In 712 AD, the Arabs, led by Muhammad Bin Qasim, Landed somewhere near modern Karachi and ruled the lower half of Pakistan for two hundred years. During this time, Islam took roots in the soil and influenced the life, culture and traditions of the people. In the 10th century AD, began the systematic conquest of South Asia by the Muslims from Central Asia, who ruled here up to the 18th century,. Then the Britis ...

Chechnya within Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union Following long resistance during the 1817−1864 Caucasian War, Russia finally defeated the Chechens and annexed their lands in the 1870s. The Chechens' subsequent attempts at gaining independence after the fall of the Russian Empire failed and in 1922 Chechnya was incorporated into Bolshevist Russia and later into the Soviet Union (USSR). In 1936, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin created the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1944, on the orders of NKVD chief Lavrenti Beria, more than a half million Chechens, the Ingush and several other North Caucasian peoples were deported to Siberia[citation needed] and Central Asia, officially as punishment for alleged collaboration with the invading German forces during the 1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya; the Chechen-Ingush Republic was abolished. Eventually, Soviet first secretary Nikita Khrushchev granted the Vainakh (Chechen and Ingush) peoples permission to return to their homeland and rest ...

The state of Himachal Pradesh was called 'Deva Bhoomi ' or the Land of the Gods. There are evidences of the existence of the pre-historic humans in this region. It is generally believed that large inhabitants of this region had actually migrated from Central Asia and the Indian plains from time to time. The first race to enter Himachal Pradesh was Proto-Australoid followed by Mongoloid and the Aryan. The Rig Veda mentions about Dasyus and Nishads living in this region and their powerful king Shambra who had 99 forts. From the early period of its history, tribes like the Koilis, Halis, Dagis, Dhaugris, Dasa, Khasas, Kinnars and Kirats inhabited it.

SAMOSA The samosa has been a popular snack in the Subcontinent for centuries. It is believed to have originated in Central Asia (where it is known as samsa[4]) prior to the 10th century.Abolfazl Beyhaqi (995-1077), an Iranian historian has mentioned it in his history, Tarikh-e Beyhaghi.It was introduced to the subcontinent in the 13th or 14th century by traders from the region. Amir Khusro (1253–1325), a scholar and the royal poet of the Delhi Sultanate, wrote in around 1300 that the princes and nobles enjoyed the "samosa prepared from meat, ghee, onion and so on" Ibn Battuta, the 14th-century traveller and explorer, describes a meal at the court of Muhammad bin Tughluq where the samushak or sambusak, a small pie stuffed with minced meat, almonds, pistachio, walnuts and spices, was served before the third course, of pulao The Ain-i-Akbari, a 16th-century Mughal document, mentions the recipe for qutab, which it says, “the people of sub-continent call sanbúsah The samosa was brought to sub- continent . ...

Travel to Turkey with Heritage Tours The very name of Istanbul conjures up images of a majestic skyline of slender minarets, domed mosques and sultans’ palaces crowning the hilltops of this majestic city. It calls to mind a city of intrigue and beauty at the terminus of the Orient Express and at the juncture of two continents. Its former names of Byzantium and Constantinople recall the fabled wealth, magnificent art and compelling history of this many-layered city. Once-great, long-vanquished empires and twenty-seven centuries of history are embodied in this great city known at various times as Byzantium, Constantinople and Istanbul. The empires it once ruled spread from Western Europe to the Holy Land to Central Asia to North Africa. Become completely enraptured by Istanbul. Just remember that this legendary city is but one jewel in a vast, diverse and rewarding land. Allow yourself to be swept away by the wonders of Turkey—ancient ruins, underground cities, hidden churches and some of the most beaut ...

On the Islamic schools of Law. What is a madhab? The Encyclopaedia of Islam translates it as a "way of thinking, persuasion". I would say it is "a method", a method of interpretation of religious material in the three major areas: belief, religious practice and law. Most Muslims would know about the four sunni madhabs: Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, Hanbali. *** Their geographical distribution is as follows: Hanafi Both Moghul and Ottoman Empires were Hanafi, that means their former subjects would normally be Hanafi: Turkey, Central Asia, the Balkans, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh. Maliki school is followed in Algeria, Tunis, Morocco, Mauritania, Libya, Kuwait, Bahrain, Dubai and Abu Dhabi. There are Shafi'is in Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somali and North Yemen, but the main concentration of the Shafi madhab is in South East Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Muslim minorities of mainland SEA and the Philippines are exclusively Shafi. (Comment by Ibrahim J.D. Underwood, are concentrated in Saudi A ...

RUMUORS OF WAR!! Will US be overthrown?? You only need to open your eyes and visualize it. Lets pray for our world. I smell trouble!! Listen to this; North Korea and Iran have a business relationship. NK works on miniaturizing her nukes while converting to uranium from plutonium. Iran works steadfast on ballistic missile technolgy. They are sharing information on technology and their enemies. Together they are a formidable adversary, with many, many zealous fighters willing to die for their common goal - the destruction of America. So far, US, EU, and UN economic sanctions have not stopped their progression toward developing nuclear weapons. China continues to build her economy and military. They are now the world's largest trading nation. Their expansion has been scary fast, with tentacles throughout Asia, Africa, and Latin America. They want the Americans out of the Western Pacific. China continues to form stronger relationships with Pakistan and Iran. They want a permanent presence in Central Asia and ...

Valentine Gifts : On February 14th wooden love spoons were carved and given as gifts on Valentine's Day in Wales. Hearts, keys and keyholes were favorite Valentine decorations on the wooden spoons. This Valentine decoration meant, "You unlock my heart!" The most beautiful and incredible gift of love is the monument Taj Mahal in India. Built by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan as a memorial to his wife it stands as the emblem of the eternal love story. Work on the Taj Mahal began in 1634 and continued for almost 22 years and required the labor of 20,000 workers from all over India and Central Asia. In America, the pilgrims used to sent confections, such as sugar wafers, marzipan, sweetmeats and sugar plums, to their affianced. Lot of value was placed on these gifts because they included what was then a rare product, sugar. After the late 1800's, beet sugar became widely used and more available, and sweet gifts continued to be cherished and enjoyed. Amongst the earliest Valentine's Day gifts were candies. The most ...

The Golden days of the Great Shan Empire II Migration and Settlement of Tai Ethnic Groups Ethic Dong Shan in China Like many other ethnic peoples of Burma, the Shans or Tai once had their homeland in China. Shan Home land Some historians believe that the Tai people originally were from the north of the Yellow River (Huang *** , occupying the region known as Hebei and Shanxi round about 2515 B.C. China Shan Manpo village The Chinese annals also mention Tai settlements in the middle basin of the Yellow River in 850 B.C. They made their homeland there for a long time, establishing small feudal kingdoms and spreading their “Na” culture to neighboring regions. Shans’ Migration or long march But new emigrants coming from Central Asia later impelled the Tai and other ethnic groups to move southwards to new fertile areas between the Yellow and Yangtze (Chang Jiang) rivers covering the present provinces of Hunan and Hubei. Lao Shans With the Yellow River in the north and the Yangtze River in the south as the ...

Feature of the Ottoman Empire The Ottomans called the old world in Asia, Europe and Africa, the ruler of both central andwere Arab, Egyptian civilization, North Africa, the Phoenicians, Greek, Roman, Persian, Byzantine, Crete and sat on the legacy of other civilizations. However, not exclude them. Central Asia (Turkistan) incorporated not brought their own civilizations. That they benefited from the heir civilizations. In doing so, never did not back out of Islam. Ottoman Empire in the Turkish-Islamic synthesis, the source of his unique personality and nobility. When you abandon their own national and moral values, tumbled upside down at that point began to imitate the West. Yuvarlanış the cliff that is still ongoing. Ottoman, living on the territory of a different religion, language, culture, and those who belong to the nations of justice, peace, prosperity, solidarity was able to manage. At that time, the Europeans have the same religion and culture were eating each other. Day and year was not without ...

New York, 6 February 2013 – Progressive policies in inclusive education have made positive changes in the lives of children with disabilities in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, according to UNICEF today.

Today visited British Library Mughal India Art Culture and Emptier , I could reed the old manuscript and issues of 1526-1858 this dynasty that Timur who was from Asia but linked himself to Mangol in order to get throne- later Babur his son in1526 with help and base on the Afghan militant took over India and expanded a large Impair, the Exhibition will end 2nd of April it cost 10 pound but worth to reed old manuscript in Farsi when on golden pages . Amazing call and down of civilizations . Babur loved art and architecture used Persian architects and artist to build and prosper art . Up on his request his burial place in Kabul Afghanistan . I remember the Babur Gardens going summer time for family feasts with my parents and sister also my fathers colleges with his family ... The illuminate envenomed a brand to shadowed the history and glory that could be reserve tend in Central Asia.

4/7 By treaty, conquest, or inter-marriages, the Doghras created a state comprised of five major units, which are fundamentally very different from each other in terms of geography and ethnicity and have further complicated the problems of Kashmir: the territory around Gilgit (today in Pakistan), which belongs basically to Central Asia; Ladhak, which is an extension of Tibet and is peopled at 55% by Buddhists and 45% by Muslims; the area around Muzarrafad which is today under Pakistan control, comprised mostly of Punjabi Muslims; Jammu, which in essence belongs to Himachal Pradesh and is Hindu in majority; and the valley of Kashmir, of course, which was Indian Muslim at 95 % in 1947.

According to legend, Saraswat Brahmins are Central Asians who lived along the regions of the former Saraswati River that once flowed parallel to the Indus in present day Pakistan, Kashmir and Northern India. The Saraswat Brahmins are the most revered and esteemed amongst all the Brahmin subcastes and form the absolute Apex amongst all the Brahmins subcastes, particularly because they were the original teachers and propagators of the Vedas and they are mentioned in ancient historical texts such as the Bhagwat Gita, Mahabharat, Ramayan & Vedas. They are considered descendants of the revered Brahmin, Sage Saraswat Muni, who lived on the banks of the ancient river Saraswati.[1] Around 1900 BC, the river Saraswati started vanishing under ground and the people on its banks started migrating to other parts of Central Asia and South Asia thus forming sub-communities. There are many sub-communities in Saraswats, including Rajasthan Saraswats Saraswats from haryana Saraswats from Uttar Pradesh Saraswats from Konkan ...

Horse meat Raw, sliced horse meat, known as "Basashi" as served in Japan Horse meat is the culinary name for meat cut from a horse. It is a major meat in only a few countries, notably in Central Asia, but it forms a significant part of the culinary traditions of many others, from Europe to South America to Asia. The top eight countries consume about 4.7 million horses a year. For the majority of mankind's early existence, wild horses were hunted as a source of protein.[1][2] It is slightly sweet, tender, low in fat and high in protein.[3] However, because of the role horses have played as companions and as workers, and concerns about the ethics of the horse slaughter process, it is a taboo food in some cultures. These historical associations, as well as ritual and religion, led to the development of the aversion to the consumption of horse meat. The horse is now given pet status by many in some parts of the Western world, particularly in the U.S.A., United Kingdom and Ireland, which further solidifies the ...

"We've collapsed both in from the east and west as we transition over a lot of the security responsibilities to the Afghans," said Marine Corps Brig. Gen. John Bullard, the deputy commander for coalition forces in the north of Afghanistan. The coalition's military mission ends in December next year, the deadline by which most of the 66,000 U.S. troops in the country are slated to go home. President Barack Obama is expected to outline the speed of this drawdown, and the size of a residual U.S. force that may stay in Afghanistan after 2014, as soon as Tuesday's State of the Union address. The clock is already ticking. A mountain of equipment has accumulated in this landlocked country since the invasion that ousted the Taliban regime in late 2001. To move that mountain, the military has three options: It can fly equipment out, move it south to Pakistani ports, or send it north through Central Asia. On a map, Gen. Bullard pointed to a primary geographical challenge: the Hindu Kush mountain range that bisects ...

The Real Afrikan Truth shared: Some even say that they're NOT Albinos because Albinos have "BAD EYESIGHT" and they don't. (They never explain why the Africans with "GOOD EYESIGHT" are still Albinos, but they aren't. (Shouldn't we call those many African Albinos who overwhelmingly have good eyesight "Europeans" or some such thing)? What foolishness these Albinism denials are. Careful note should be made here, that "Sometimes" Albinism causes straightening of the Hair! Confirmation that the White (Caucasian) Race is derived from Dravidian Albinos, is documented in the findings from genetic analysis of Y-DNA haplogroup "R". Haplogroup R (Y-DNA) In human genetics, Haplogroup R is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, a subgroup of haplogroup P, defined by the M207 mutation. This haplogroup is believed to have arisen around 26,800 years ago, somewhere in Central Asia or South Asia, where its ancestor Haplogroup P is most often found at polymorphic frequencies. Cambridge University geneticist Kivisild et al. (2003) su ...

Cindy Scouten According to an Uzbek saying,"if you run out of water, you run out of life." Each year about two million people die as a result of poor sanitation and contaminated water, and 90% of the victims are children. Suffer the poor children! "The Aral Sea in Central Asia was the fourth largest lake on the planet in 1960. By 2007 it had shrunk to 10% of its original size." - Scientific American. "The five great lakes of the United States and Canada - Lakes Erie, Huron, Michigan, Ontario and Superior - are shrinking at an alarming pace." - The Globe and Mall. Like · · 29 minutes ago ·

Want to be a US ambassador? Easy – if you have the cash. Like previous US presidents, Obama has awarded many of his top donors who made campaign donations of more than $500,000 with ambassador positions in the most beautiful countries. Researchers Johannes W. Fedderke and Dennis C. Jett, both professors at Pennsylvania State University, have found that about 30 percent of diplomatic posts were appointed by the president and that political ambassadors who made campaign donations of $550,000 or bundled contributions of $750,000 had a 90 percent chance of being posted to a safe and robust country in Western Europe. Career ambassadors, on the other hand, were more likely to be sent to work in dangerous or impoverished countries while their wealthy counterparts enjoy the perks that are awarded to them by the president. Those who rose through the ranks through a lifetime of service were more likely to be posted in Central Asia or sub-Saharan Africa. Officially there are no requirements for would-be ambassador ...

Abu Ali Sina (Avicenna), Great Muslim Scientist, Philosopher Thursday, 23 August 2012 18:02 | Written by Administrator | PDF | Print | E-mail Ibn Sina was born in AH 370/CE 980 near Bukhara in Central Asia, where his father governed a village in one of the royal estates. At thirteen, Ibn Sina began a study of medicine that resulted in ‘distinguished physicians . . . reading the science of medicine under [him]’ (Sirat al-shaykh al-ra’is (The Life of Ibn Sina): 27). His medical expertise brought him to the attention of the Sultan of Bukhara, Nuh ibn Mansur, whom he treated successfully; as a result he was given permission to use the sultan’s library and its rare manuscripts, allowing him to continue his research into modes of knowledge. When the sultan died, the heir to the throne, ‘Ali ibn Shams al-Dawla, asked Ibn Sina to continue al vizier, but the philosopher was negotiating to join the forces of another son of the late king, Ala al-Dawla, and so went into hiding. During this time he composed ...

Major Agha H. Amin is a retired Pakistani military officer and the author of various books, including ”Development of Taliban Factions in Afghanistan”, ”Taliban War in Afghanistan” and ”History of Pakistan Army”. He studied at the Forman Christian College and at the Pakistan Military Academy in Kalkul. Agha H. Amin has been working as Assistant Editor of Defense Journal, Executive Editor at the Globe, and as Editor of the Journal of Afghanistan Studies. He is an active member of the Think Tank ORBAT and the Alexandrian Defense Group and he is working as security management consultant. Agha H. Amin has been working as consultant on various oil, gas and energy projects in Central Asia, Afghanistan and Pakistan, including the TAPI pipeline, CASA 100, the Uzbekistan Afghanistan Pakistan line and the Turkmenistan Mazar Sharif line. He is an expert on national and regional security, energy security and geo-political issues. The following is the full text of an interview by Christof Lehmann with Majo ...

The horror of our drone strikes killing innocent civilians as well as terrorist "suspects" in Africa and Central Asia is having a devastating effect on both our national psyche and our diminishing moral standing in the world. Warfare is ugly and the brutal, bloody consequences of sending military forces into a foreign land to kill and be killed has served - to varying degrees - as a block on the trigger of US war-making capabilities. Our leaders have been forced to weigh the casualties, the risks, the damage done to our own troops before committing them to a foreign battlefield. Drone strikes end that deliberative process. They are clinically deadly and spotless. Unmanned aircraft silently, effortlessly rain death and destruction on individuals below with no fear of loss of American lives. It's too easy, and the legacy we are creating with such atrocities will not be forgotten by future generations of Islamists who will forever associate the United States with these cold, calculated, faceless murder-mach ...

History Questions for IAS prelims continued. 41. Gupta ruler revived one of the following religions — (A) Vedic (B) Bhagvatism (C) Buddhism (D) Jainism Ans. (B) 42. Export-trade in pre-Gupta age was most extensive with— (A) South East-Asia (B) China (C) Central Asia (D) Roman Empire Ans. (D) 43. The Mughal Emperor, who built the Peacock Throne? – - (A) Akbar (B) Aurangazeb (C) Nadirshah (D) Shah Jahan Ans. (D) 44. Aurangzeb face toughest opposition from— (A) Jats (B) Sultanates (C) Marathas (D) Rajputs Ans. (D) 45. How did Akbar get rid of the authority of the Ulemas? (A) He founded Din-i-Ilahi (B) He appointed Hindus to the highest posts in the empire (C) He invited the representatives of all religions for religious debates at the Ibadat Khana (D) He issued an infallibility decree in 1579 Ans. (D) 46. Which of the following officers held the office of minister under the Mughals? (A) Sipahsalar (B) Siqdar (C) Vakil (D) Kotwal Ans. (C) 47. Mewar accepted the Suzerainty of the Mughals during the rei ...

More jobs and internships The International Rescue Committee (IRC) – Technical Advisor, Governance: The IRC has embarked on a new phase of investment in its governance and rights-related work and is looking to bring new skills and expertise into its Governance & Rights technical unit. This unit is charged with providing intellectual leadership and vision around these programming areas, quality technical support to field staff and partner agencies (often delivered in conjunction with colleagues from other technical units given the cross-cutting nature of governance themes), targeted support on program design and fundraising, developing innovative research and learning opportunities and public representation on governance and rights-related policy and programming issues. Human Rights Watch – Researcher on Russia: Human Rights Watch (“HRW”) is seeking a Researcher to monitor human rights developments in Russia. This position reports to a Deputy Director in the Europe and Central Asia (“ECA”) Divi ...

History The Khyber Agency takes its name from the world famous Khyber Pass, which has throughout served as the corridor connecting the Indo-Pak sub-continent with Afghanistan and Central Asia. Khyber itself is a Hebrew word, which means place or castle. There is a fort known as ‘Khyber’ 64 km to the west of medina (Saudi Arabia). This was a stronghold of Jews in the pre-Islamic days. This same Khyber Fort was conquered by Hazrat Ali as the head of an Islamic army. Still Khyber Pass has no connection whatsoever with the Khyber Fort of Arabia. One view is that Khyber got its present name in the past because it enjoyed as strategic an importance as a fort. There is also a small village by the name of Khyber on the road from Peshawar to Landi Kotal. Khyber Pass might have received its name from the Khyber village. But usually by Khyber is meant the Khyber Pass. This pass begins a little distance ahead of Jamrud, from Shadibagiar and ends near Landi Kotal and is about 40 km long. Yet from Jamrud to Landi K ...

Jatt The original home of the Jats was in Central Asia near the country we now call Kazakstan. During the early part of the Christian era, most of the Jats were uprooted by the Mongol people from their homeland in Central Asia, after ruling there for over one thousand years. In turn Jats split into 2 groups one invaded India to the South and other invaded the Roman Empire in the West. Thus, they established themselves as the Alans in France, Spain, Portugal and so on, in the fifth century A.D. The Jat people ethnic group which live in Northern India and Pakistan regions, have many different types of religions, professions and languages. They have a distinct cultural history that can be historically traced back to ancient times. Some have moved to Western countries for business and commercial reasons. There some have become prominent sections of the immigrant peoples in the West. The Jats were designated in a British report as a Martial Race. 'Martial Race' was a designation created by officials of B ...

II. HABITAT AND RANGE The different species of cobra live in habitats ranging from tropical rain forests and swamps to savannas and deserts. Because many cobra species prey on small rodents, the snakes may hunt or live in areas around human settlements or in fields where crops grow—both places where rodents thrive. Cobras are found in most parts of Africa except for the Sahara Desert. Their range extends through the Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia and into Southeast Asia as far as Indonesia and the Philippines, and into southern China. III. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION AND BEHAVIOR The famous hood of a cobra is created by elongated ribs that extend the loose skin of the neck behind the snake’s head. Cobras raise up the front part of their bodies and flatten their necks to display the hood when they feel threatened or disturbed, often hissing loudly to add a further warning. The neck ribs can be folded back when the snake moves along the ground. Like most snakes, cobras use their forked tongues to detect ...

MARWAR (MEWAD AND THE MUGHULS): Rao Ganga Singh of Jodhpur (reigned 1516-32) fought alongside the army of the great warrior king of Mewar, Rana Sanga, against the first Mughal emperor, Babur. But over the next half century or so, the rulers of Jodhpur allied themselves with Babur's grandson, Akbar. Several rulers of Jodhpur became trusted lieutenants of the Mughals, such as Raja Surender, who conquered Gujarat and much of the Deccan for Akbar, and Raja Gaj Singh, who put down the rebellion of the Mughal prince, Khurram, against his father, Jahangir. With the support of the Mughals, the court of Jodhpur flourished and the kingdom became a great center of the arts and culture. In the 17th century Jodhpur became a flourishing center of trade for the camel caravans moving from Central Asia to the parts of Gujarat and vice versa. In 1657, however, Maharaja Jaswant Singh (reigned 1638-78) backed the wrong prince in the great war of succession to the Mughal throne. He was in power for almost twenty-five years wi ...

Interesting note on the introduction of Urdu language to weaken the influence of the Ottoman Khilafah: ''Urdu (اردو) is the national language (قومی زبان), lingua franca and one of two official languages of Pakistan (the other being English). Although only about 8% of Pakistanis speak it as their first language, it is spoken and understood as a second language by almost all Pakistanis. Its introduction as the lingua franca was encouraged by the British upon the capitulation and annexation of Sindh (1843) and Punjab (1849) with the subsequent ban on the use of Persian. The decision to make the language change was to institute a universal language throughout the then British Raj in South Asia as well as minimize the influence of Persia, Ottoman Empire, Afghanistan and Central Asia had on this transitional region. Urdu is a relatively new language in the contemporary sense but has undergone considerable modifications and development borrowing heavily on the traditions of older languages like Persi ...

Persian mythology are traditional tales and stories of ancient origin, some involving extraordinary or supernatural beings. Drawn from the legendary past of the Iranian cultural continent which especially consists of the state of Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Central Asia, they reflect the attit...

Please pray for Eumin and Prumeh Kim, our missionary partners in Central Asia. From Prumeh: We have an urgent prayer request - but this is also a long term prayer request. After months of waiting, Eumin and I finally received our permanent residence card. Now we don't have to take the whole family out of the country every 3 months to Kyrgyzstan to renew our visa (it was an exhausting trip and also very expensive). We are grateful because the card means we don't need a visa anymore to live here and it shows local authority that we are residents here, not simply foreigners. But when we applied for our permanent residence, Svetlana SMN (wife of the former Central Asia District Superintendent Dmitri Li) agreed to serve as our host who has invited us to live with her. But we don't live with her in reality - only on paper. Unfortunately, we found out that the police have recently decided to investigate all foreigners who receive their permanent residence card to verify that they really live with their host. Thi ...

Human Rights Watch Report on Nepal Government's treatment of Tibetan refugees living in Nepal as in its annual report 2013 The government continues to deny Tibetans the right to openly celebrate their holidays, including the Tibetan New Year. In March, 100 Tibetans were arrested during protests in Kathmandu to mark the 53rd anniversary of the Tibetan uprising against Chinese rule. In September, the police arrested seven Tibetans in Kathmandu. Six were released the same day, but the police charged one under the Public Offenses Act and were investigating his activities at this writing. In September, following a meeting between Tibetan refugees in Kathmandu and Robert O. Blake, the United States assistant secretary of state for South and Central Asia, the government queried the US embassy as to why Nepali authorities had not been notified of the meeting before it took place. Key International Actors Geographically located between Asia’s two powers, India and China, Nepal has a delicate balancing act to per ...

Lemuria. The Lost Continent Lemuria is in Pacific Ocean. Most prominent Islands such as Tonga Islands, Easter Islands, Lelu Island, Malekula Island, Palau’s Babeldoab Island, Mu’a Island, Tahiti, Fiji, Hawaii, Samoa, Cook Islands, Line islands - Republic of Kiribati, Society Islands, Marquesas Islands, Leeward Islands, Gilbert Island and others were part of the largest continent in the World - Lemuria. Most of the inhabitants were Giants 12 feet in height. Megalithic stones , Pyramidal structures, huge statues and megalithic walls are found in most of these Islands. "Easter Island is the living and solitary witness of a submerged prehistoric continent in the midst of the Pacific Ocean." – H.P. Blavatsky "…according to The Lemurian Fellowship…the Elders of Lemuria, known as the “Thirteenth School,” moved their headquarters prior to the pole-shift cataclysm to the uninhabited plateau of Central Asia that we now call Tibet. Here they supposedly established a library and school, and became known ...

The NA is all set to present a bill for formulation of Bahawalpur Southern Punjab Province in its current session, comprising Bahawalpur, Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan Divisions and Bhakkar, Mianwali districts. Though the move is being ascribed as a political ploy of the ruling coalition in view of the forthcoming elections, yet possibility of a sinister design behind the effort cannot be ruled out. It may seem far-fetched to many but a critical analysis of happenings and events in the last five years would reveal that demand for division of Punjab by carving out a new province, especially in its proposed configuration, is part of a larger agenda of some of our top leaders, as well as, outside powers, especially US-India Nexus which have long term interests in the region. To elaborate, I may briefly highlight the US-Indian agenda in the region and its implications for Pakistan. For implementation of their ‘containment of China’ strategy and intent to exploit the mineral/energy resources of Central Asia, cer ...

Japanese expedition to Tibet : The Japanese during the 1918-1922 period began realizing secret moves in the Xinjiang area; the Genyosha agents operated undercover in Hami and other cities to gain information about the Soviets in Central Asia. During the 1930s the Imperial Intelligence Services was interested in knowing in depth about Tibet and Xinjiang. In the Kantogun headquarters a series of undercover operations were organized and Jinzō Nomoto and others were sent on such missions. By coincidence Germany also sent expeditions to the same areas at around the same time. In 1935, Jinzō Nomoto, from Kagoshima, was sent to Manchukuo and was posted to an Intelligence unit on Central Asian topics of the Japanese Kantogun Army as a Mongolian language research student. In May 1939, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, Nomoto secretly entered Tibet by disguising himself as a Mongolian and accompanying a Tibetan monk and began an 18-month intelligence-gathering mission. He collected information about the social ...

From the Economist Intelligent Unit: The new Great Game With foreign troops preparing to scale down their presence in Afghanistan, key regional players are bidding to enhance their leverage and secure political, economic and strategic concessions post-2014. Indeed, exploring prospects for mutual co–operation regarding Afghanistan was a major theme in discussions between Indian and Iranian officials during a visit to New Delhi by the head of Iran's National Security Council, Saeed Jalili, in early January 2013. The talks coincided with an announcement by the US government that it would accelerate the transition of security responsibilities to Afghan forces, several months ahead of schedule. As the US and NATO wind down their operations, neighbouring countries are keen, and are being encouraged by Western governments, to step up their engagement with Afghanistan. Afghanistan's strategic location as a crossroad between South and Central Asia has always made it a theatre for rivalry between the superpowers ...

Geographical knowledge of the vedic period. : History The geographical evidence as to be found in the hymns of Vedas thros some light on the course of Indo-Aryan migration and the origin of Hinduism. Whether the Indo-Aryans came from Central Asia or not depends largely on the interpretation of the geographical allusions in the Rig and Yajur Vedas. The hymns in praise of rivers in the 10th blcok are interesting. The author while singing the greatness of the Sindhu enumerates at least 19 rivers including the Ganges. The fifth Stanza gives a list of 10 streams, small and great-Ganges, Yamuna, Saraswati, Satluj, Ravi, Chenab, Jhelum, Maruwardwan (in J&K), Sushoma (Rowalpindi District) and probably Kanshi in the same district. This system of rivers did not remain the Saraswati. The existing delta of the Indus has been formed since the time of Alexander the Great. The Vedic hymns reveal the initial Aryan settlements in India : western tributaries of the Indus, the Gomti (modern Gomal) the Krumu (modern Kurram) ...

Biography Hazrat Shaikh Yaqub Sarfi, cousin of Baba Daud Khaki, was born in 1521 C.E.. His father, Shaikh Mir Hasan Ganai, was a nobleman in the court of the Sultan of Kashmir. He learnt the Qur'an at home, memorising the entire book by the age of six. By eight, he had begun composing poetry, and was then put under the care of a famous scholar, Maulana Muhammad Ani, who taught him Farsi and Arabic. After that, he studied Islamic jurisprudence, Arabic and Sufism from Maulana Mir Raziuddin and Hafiz Basir Khandabhawani. In search of a spiritual master, he set off on a long and arduous journey to Samarqand in Central Asia (modern-day Uzbekistan), where he accepted the noted Sufi Hazrat Shaikh Hussain Khwarizmi as his pir. After training on the Sufi path under him, he returned to Kashmir, settling down at the khanqah of Shaikh Sultan Kashmiri in Srinagar, making this the centre for his missionary work. In 1557, when Shaikh Yaqub Sarfi was thirty-five, the Shah Miri dynasty was overthrown by the Chaks. The Cha ...

TOP TEN _HIGHEST PEAKS IN THE WORLD - The following is a list of the world’s 10 highest mountains per height above sea level, all of which are located in central and southern Asia. In fact, all 7,000 m (23,000 ft) peaks in the world are located in the central of Asia (East Asia, Central Asia and South Asia) in a rectangle edged by Noshaq (7,492 m (24,580 ft)) on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border in the West, Peak Jengish Chokusu, (Tuōmù’ěr Fēng) (7,439 m (24,406 ft)) on the Kyrgyzstan – Xinjiang border to the North, Gongga Shan (Minya Konka) (7,556 m (24,790 ft)) in Sichuan to the East, and Kabru (7,412 m (24,318 ft)) on the Sikkim – Nepal border to the South. 10. Annapurna Annapurna is series of peaks in the Himalayas with the highest reaching 8,091 m (26,538 ft). The peak that refers to the goddess of fertility and agriculture in Hinduism, is part of a 7,629 sq. km conservation area (first and largest) in Nepal. Some say that’s the deadliest mountain of them all, with a fatality rate of 40%. ...

For Immediate Release Russia: Worst Crackdown Since Soviet Era Government Should Stop Pressure, Reprisals on Civil Society (Moscow, January 31, 2013) – The Kremlin in 2012 unleashed the worst political crackdown in Russia’s post-Soviet history, Human Rights Watch said today in its World Report 2013. The authorities introduced a series of restrictive laws, harassed and intimidated activists, and interfered in the work of nongovernmental organizations, crushing hopes for reform following the winter 2011 mass protests. “This has been the worst year for human rights in Russia in recent memory,” said Hugh Williamson, Europe and Central Asia director at Human Rights Watch. “Russia’s civil society is standing strong but with the space around it shrinking rapidly, it needs support now more than ever.” In its 665-page report, Human Rights Watch assessed progress on human rights during the past year in more than 90 countries, including an analysis of the aftermath of the Arab Spring. The willingness o ...

History Pakistan's history dates back to 2500 years BC, where the thriving civilization around the Indus Valley, punish rule this region Persians and Alexander the Great and folks from Central Asia until the year 711 CE, 93 e sailed Arab Muslims across the Arabian Sea and they opened the Sindh province where spread of religion Muslim in this region. By the year 391 AH, 1000 AD Muslims conquered the Turks area of northern Pakistan from Iran, was founded by Mahmud of Ghazni Islamic kingdom included influence in some stages of the Indus River Valley as a whole. Lahore has become the capital of the kingdom, then grew and evolved after that to become a major center of Islamic culture centers in the Indian subcontinent. Most areas has become known today as Pakistan, part of the Delhi Sultanate in 603 AH, 1206 AD, an Islamic empire includes northern India. The Delhi Sultanate lasted list until 933 AH, 1526 AD, ie, until the emergence of Babar, a Muslim ruler of Afghanistan invaded India and established the Mugha ...

The Program on Central Asia and the Center for the Study of Religion present Said Sarmad: The Jewish Saint A Religions of the Silk Road Lecture by Nahid Pirnazar UCLA Near Eastern Languages & Cultures Tuesday, February 5 10383 Bunche Hall 2:00-3:30 PM Mohammad Said Sarmad was born in approximately 1590 C.E. into a Jewish family of Rabbis in Kashan, Iran. He converted to Islam in 1615 and moved to India at about the age of forty. Sarmad along with his disciple, who was originally a Hindu, led a solitary life in India. At about the age of seventy (1660-62), he was accused of blasphemy and decapitated in front of the Jame' Mosque in Delhi. The background of Sarmad’s time, both in Iran and India, sheds light on his motivation to convert, spiritual life style and the manner of his death.

My home! The Fergana Valley or Farghana Valley is a region in Central Asia spread across eastern Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Divided into three subdivisions of the former Soviet Union, the valley is ethnically diverse, and in the early 21st century was the scene of ethnic conflict. A large triangular valley in what is an often dry part of Central Asia, the Fergana owes its fertility to two rivers, the Naryn and the Kara Darya, which run from the east, joining near Namangan, forming the Syr Darya river. The valley's history stretches back over 2300 years, when its population was conquered by Greco-Bactrian invaders from the west. Chinese chroniclers date its towns to more than 2100 years ago, as a path between Greek, Chinese, Bactrian and Parthian civilizations. In the path of the Northern Silk Road, the area was converted by Muslim invaders from the west, and was home to Babur, famous conqueror and founder of the Mughal Empire in India, tying the region to modern Afghanistan and South Asia. The ...

Generally, garlic has been so extensively domesticated over so many thousands of years that there no longer are wild forms found anywhere in nature related to the type of garlic humans now use. It is believed that as a variant of the lillie family of plants it originated probably somewhere in Central Asia, and spread rapidly in all directions -- westward to the Mediterranean, eastward throughout China, and southward into India. In all of these areas it has since the beginning of recorded time been used as both a food and a medicinal product. Indeed, garlic has been employed for medicinal purposes by more cultures over more millennia than any other plant product or substance. The first recorded use was by the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, in the now Mid-East regions of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Garlic was of great medicinal importance in nearby Egypt. It has been found in the tombs of the ancient Pharaohs dating back to 3,200 B.C. Its use by the pyramid builders, who believed garlic gave them strength, ...

Paganism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller", "rustic") is a blanket term typically used to refer to religious traditions which are polytheistic or indigenous. It is primarily used in a historical context, Greco-Roman polytheism as well as the polytheistic traditions of Europe and North Africa before Christianization. In a wider sense, extended to contemporary religions, it includes most of the Eastern religions and the indigenous traditions of the Americas, Central Asia, Australia and Africa; as well as non-Abrahamic folk religion in general. More narrow definitions will not include any of the world religions and restrict the term to local or rural currents not organized as civil religions. Characteristic of Pagan traditions is the absence of proselytism and the presence of a living mythology, which informs religious practice. Ethnologists often avoid the term "pagan," with its uncertain and varied meanings, in referring to traditional or historic ...

Ultimate desert-, semi-desert and mountain birding in Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan with Miksture - April 2013 Info and detailed tourprogram at Mikstures website: www.miksture.com Birding Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan in Central Asia provides some of the most prolific and rewarding birding – and, some of the most wanted species known as “dream-species.” Central Asia is known as an essential destination for anyone with a serious interest in Palearctic birds, and these three countries in combination providing the opportunity to see a high concentration of Central Asian specialties amidst unsurpassed beautiful scenery. In addition there is a great selection of species present in Southern Europe and South Siberia – and of course, the endemic species and subspecies as many European birds are on the edge of their range here. TUKAKI is a journey that provides excellent birding in these three great countries, and Miksture knows thoroughly the locations and the birds of course. Each cou ...

Paracha (Urdu: پراچہ) (Also rendered as Peracha, Piracha, Peracha etc) is a family or clan name in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India. Origin Paracha's (known by the individual prefixes of the seven groups among the tribe) are wealthy Muslim traders of NWFP (North West Frontier Province) and northwestern Punjab of Pakistan. This term came from Parcha meaning cloth, one of the principle item of their trade. This wealthy class is found in large number at Lahore (Mochi Darwaza) Sargodha, Swat, Makhad, Attock, Kohat, Mangowal, Shahpur, Khushab, Quetta ,Peshawar and Nowshera. They used to trade as far as Central Asia, chiefly in Cloth, Silk, Indigo and Tea. The Paracha tribe, which is one of the largest in Pakistan and today scattered all over the country and even in India, is said to have become a large clan in Makhad in the 10th Century BC. The tribe which today mostly speak Pothohari dialect of Punjabi, migrated from northern Yemen in the time of Prophet Muhammad (in 7th Centu ...

Gujjar History (A Brief Note ) . In Ramayana, it is described that a war was fought among demons and gods.Gurjars fought against demons under the leadership of King Dasharatha. There is also references of gurjar widows in Yoga Vasistha, whose husbands laid down their lives in the battlefield, having their heads tonsured as a mark of their bravement. In Mahabharata war also Gurjars fought and later on along with lord Krishna migrated from Mathura to Dwarka, Gujarat. The Gurjar clan appeared in northern India about the time of the Huna invasions of northern India. Some scholars, such as V. A. Smith, believed that the Gurjars were foreign immigrants, possibly a branch of Hephthalites (“White Huns“). Mr. Devadatta Ramakrishna Bhandarkar (D. B. Bhandarkar) (1875–1950) believed that Gurjars came into India with the Hunas, and their name “Gujar” was sanskritized to “Gurjara” or “Gūrjara”. He also believed that several places in Central Asia, such as “Gurjistan”, are named after the Gujars ...

In Pakistan, Hizb ut-Tahrir was proscribed by Pakistani President General Musharraf in 2004, to date the party is still banned in Pakistan. According to "a senior Obama Administration official" interviewed by journalist Seymour Hersch in 2009, "HT has "penetrated the Pakistani military and now have cells in the Army." Hersch reports that the Pakistan Army denies this.[ About Hizb ut-Tahrir's activities in Pakistan and subsequent political crackdown Multan Bench of the Lahore High Court said in March 2005 : "Hizb ut-Tahrir has shown dissatisfaction on the policies of the [Pakistan] government that is the right of each and every citizen ... I am unable to understand as to how distribution of these pamphlets in the general public was termed as terrorism or sectarianism."[citation needed] Pakistani author Ahmed Rashid writes in Jihad: The Rise of Militant Islam in Central Asia, that there are "strong links and cooperation between the rank and file" of Hizb ut-Tahrir and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan espe ...

The Department of Near Eastern Studies at UC Berkeley is pleased to announce a one day workshop entitled: Beyond National Borders: The Persianate World Then and Now. Geographic constraints set by established regional classifications such as "Middle East", "Central Asia", and "Former Soviet Union" often limit the range of questions raised about Persian-speaking populations. This workshop aims to cut across established academic boundaries by demonstrating the historical and contemporary fluidity of the Persian- speaking world. Our goal is to look at the Persian-speaking populations while focusing on the dynamic nature of language and knowledge production with regard to political and historical narratives, in both historical and contemporary contexts. Jessica Chen (Stanford) Placing Persianate Sufism in a Chinese Cosmos: Liu Zhi's Explanation of the Five Practices Anaita Khudonazar (Stanford/UC, Berkeley) Transnational Gardens of Persianate Film Azadeh Yamini-Hamedani (SFU) Hafez in Transnational Perspective ...

An Overview: Pakistan’s Foreign Policy Pakistan’s policy priority is to create a democratic Pakistan that is stable, peaceful, progressive, moderate, forward looking and prosperous. Foreign policy is considered by Pakistani authorities rightfully as an instrument to achieve these aspirations and as a natural prolongation of domestic endeavors aimed at growth and development. Pakistan’s foremost foreign policy perspective compasses its own region and neighbors. In that vein; Afghanistan, India, China, Iran, Central Asian countries and Russia constitute the priority domain of contemporary Pakistani foreign affairs. Pakistan is placed in the center of a geo-political energy crescent consisted of the Middle East, Iran, Caspian Basin and Central Asia. The country is also rich with strategic mineral resources. It is surrounded by three emerging economies; namely India, China and Russia. On the other hand, Pakistan’s foreign policy elbow-room is narrowed by various disadvantages, such as religious extrem ...

The first kingdom on the way was Georgia, which is Christian for almost 1000 years and independent for almost of 100 years. In that moment it is at the top of its power and prestige, thankful to its heroic queen Tamara , which empire stands from Black sea along to Caucasus to Azerbaijan . The Georgia people thought the age of Tamara ruling (1184-1213) as the Golden Era, Literature Renaissance, the architecture, arts and science financed by the trading, who turns Tbilisi in one of a kind duty-free zone, connecting Europe, Russia and Horezm. Shota Rustaveli, who wrote the national epic poem “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin” few years before the arriving of the Mongols, is well known to the Chinese and Greek philosophy. Within its palaces and churches, gold icons Georgia is what Mongols need to finance their adventure. Actually, at the year 1221, the Christian Europe hears about what is happening in Central Asia. In that time, Christian world needs a help. In the last 3 years, French and German ar ...

The Myth of the Aryan Invasion Theory By. Shyam Narayan Shukla, Ph.D. Before mid-nineteenth century no one had heard of Aryans coming to India from out side. One had also not heard that foreign people of “Aryan race” invaded India, conquered the indigenous people of “Dravidian race” and pushed them to southern part of India. However, now all this is part of the Indian history written by the British rulers of India. Europeans were exposed to Sanskrit and the Hindu scriptures sometime in the seventeenth century. They discovered that Sanskrit and the European languages had many common words. Thus the western scholars arrived at a conclusion that the “Indo-European” languages must have had a common origin. Their hypothesis was that from Central Asia a section of Sanskrit speaking Aryans came to India and another section of the same people migrated to Europe. It was Professor Frederich Max Muller of Oxford University who was responsible for advancing this imaginary “Aryan Invasion Theory”. He c ...